SOUTHEEN CULTIVATOR. 
22! 
prepare a rich, moist piece of land, and plant out an 
abundance of cut vines to produce next year’s seed. 
Turnips . — Begin to prepare for this valuable crop, which 
deserves increased attention as winter food for man and 
beast. Make arrangements to sow often and largely, com- 
mencing early, as it is sometimes extremely difficult to get a 
stand. Make your land rich, plow deeply and often, and 
pulverize as finely as possible. Make your first sowing 
about the 20th of this month, and if that should fail, try 
again every fortnight until the last of September, and 
your perseverence will be crowned with success. Guano, 
superphosphate of lime, broken bones, or a compost .of 
woods-mould or well-rotted stable manure with crushed 
bones and ashes, are each and all proper fertilizers for the 
turnip crop. The manure may be applied in the drill, 
or put on plentifully broadcast, and plowed well in. The 
Ruta Baga, Red Top (“strap leaf’), Early Flat Dutch, 
YelloiG Aberdeen, NoYfolk and Globe are all good varieties 
— the two first, fifth and sixth being the best for field g,u1- 
ture. As food for stock, we believe the Ruta Baga is 
conceded to stand foremost. 
Draining and Ditching . — The richest land on the plan- 
tation is often allowed to run waste, worthless and wild, 
presenting only stagnant puddles of water, rank grasses, 
weeds and brambles, and forming a harbor and receptacle 
for snakes, lizzards, turtles and “vermin” of every descrip- 
tion. Noio, during tlie “ summer solstice,” when the 
ground is comparafiv’-ely dry, and the heavy field-work 
over, is a good time to change these offensive blotches on 
the face of Nature into cultivated fields of the most produc- 
tive character. Dig wide and deep under-drains, or open 
ditches* to carry off the surplus water, cut down and 
grub up trees, bushes and briars, destroy noxious weeds, 
&c., &c,, and plant the reclaimed ground ^ next spring in 
Irish Potatoes, Upland Rice, or Corn. 
Grass, and Woodland Pastures . — Select a piece of 
naturally moist, good land, timbered with spreading trees 
— cut down and grub out all small shrubbery, briars, 
brush, &c., leaving only the large trees standing. Then 
break up the ground as finely as possible, by plowing and 
cross-plowing with a long, stout, sharp rooter, and seed 
down heavily with WJiite Clover, Kentucky Blue, D'exas 
Musquit, Herds, Italian Ray, or other grasses for looodland 
pasture. Grass will not do well without plenty of mois- 
ture, under our parching suns ; and to suclvas are not able 
to supply moisture and sustenance, by deep subsoiling 
and liquid manure, we recommend a trial of the shade for 
their pastures, meadows and lawns, as above indicated. 
Weeds oMd Grass . — All crops on the plantation re- 
quire particular attention during tlte present month. The 
weeds— anavmy ofencroaching marauders— will ckoke up 
and strangle everything, unless they are summarily dealt 
with — cut down and destroy them befdre they go to seed ; 
and thus prevent present and, (in a measure) future annoy- 
ance from them. 
THE GARDEN. 
The earlier spring vegetables being now nearly all gone, 
little can be done to advantage. It will be well, however, 
to clear off or turn" under all weeds and the remains 
of early vegetables and manure liberAlly, by way of pre- 
paration for fall crops. Celery seed may yet be sown, but 
the bed must be shaded from the direct rays of the sun. 
Sow, also, Ruta Baga and other Turnips, as directed 
under the previous head ; Lima ox “Butter Beans;” the 
Green Glazed Cabbdge; purple Egg Plant, Radishes, 
Cabbage, Lettuce, Tomatoes, &c., for late crops. 
Dig or plow your garden over thoroughly, and repeat 
the preparatory operations of the spring. Mulch and 
water young trees, slu'ubs, vines and vegetables, using the 
*See notice of a new and valuable work on land Drain- 
ing, under “Oar Book Table'' head, page 218. 
liquid manure heretofore recommended, alternately with 
pure soft water. Prepare the ground for Strawberry Beds, 
during this and the next month. Select new ground near 
an unfailing stream, if possible — plow deep, turning un- 
der a good thick coat of leaf mould and ashes, and leave 
the surface fine and mellow. We will return to the Straw- 
berry Bed, giving more special directions, in our 
September number. Transplant Cabbages, Cauliflow- 
ers, Celery, Tomatoes, &c. Plant Melon seed for mango 
pickles — also. Sweet Corn for late roasting ears. Plant 
out slips or vines of the Sweet Potato without delay, and 
plant also Snap Beans, for a successional crop. 
THE ORCHARD. 
Wherever the spring frqsts h^ve killed the fruit, there 
will be a strong tendency to over-luxuriance in the gi’owth 
of wood. This should be checked by cutting back or 
nipping off the young shoots of your trees, in order to pro- 
duce stronger and more vigorous bearing wood, for next 
year. Destroy all injurious insects, and note carefully the 
bearing qualities and peculiarities of the different neia 
varieties of fruit. Those who have plenty of fimit, the 
present season, are truly fortunate; and as it will be in' 
brisk demand, at high prices, no trouble or care should 
be spared in gathering and sending to market in the best 
possible condition. 
THE FLOWER GARDEN. , 
Roses, Jasmines, &c., should now be budded. Annuals,. 
if desirable, may be transplanted, choosing favorable 
(moist) weather. Take up early Bulbs, as directed in our 
last number, and plant others to flower in Autumn. Roses,. 
Chrysanthemums, &c., may be propagated by layers.. 
Dahlids will need staking and pruning, if over-luxuriaiit. 
Clip Box edging. Gather all desirable seeds, as they 
ripen, and put away in close paper bags, carefully label- 
ling them. Water freely, both roots and foliage, and use 
liquid, manure at intervals. Keep the earth mellow, and 
mulch all large herbaceous plants with woods-mould,. 
leaves, or saw dust. 
SOUTHERN FRUIT.~APPLES. 
Editors Southern Cultivator — Having been fre- 
quently appealed to, both by the agricultural press and in- 
dividual correspondents, for our opinion of those varie- 
ties of Apples, Pears and other fruits best adapted to the 
soils, climate and special localities in sevei'al of the South- 
ern States, we embrace this method to answer these in- 
quiries to the best of our knowledge and ability. Tp 
answer them satisfactorily is somewhat difficult, as suc- 
cess will he varied by climate, soil and locality ; less pro- 
bably by the former than by the latter ; many kinds which 
may prove of excellent quality in a primitive region, simi- 
lar to that'of a portion of middle and northern Georgia 
may, perchance, lose their good 'character in the tertiary 
and secondary limestone regions of the sea coast and up- 
per Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi ; whilst again with 
other varieties the reverse may be the result ; in most in- 
stances it will be found that the quality of fruits is im- 
proved by a transfer from a primitive to a limestone 
regiorr, such as that of the States above mentioned. We 
are preparerl to yield the palm to both Alabama and Mis- 
sissippi in the line of fine fruits, as their soil is, beyond 
question, more congenial to their full development than is 
our primitive formation ; the same will apply with equal 
force to a portion of Tennessee and Kentucky. 
Having paid most attention to the cultivation and ex- 
amination of Apples and Pears, we shall confine this com- 
munication to that of Apples, reserving our opinion orr 
Pears for another, if this proves acceptable to your read- 
ers. 
The earliest ripening Apple we have, worthy of con- 
sideration, is the Red June, a true cosmopolite — one that is. 
