SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
347 
in ull around even the smallest roots, all of whicli must be 
spread out in their natural position, and the earth com- 
pacted by a bucket of water, whep the hole may be niled 
up and the soil pressed down gently with the foot. If this 
is properly done, the tree will need no staking. 
5. MuAching . — This is all-important, and consists in 
spreading all around the tree for the space of 3 or 4 feet, 
a thick layer (0 inches) of old pine straw, dead leaves or 
coarse litter of any kind, and sprinkling over it a few 
shovelsful of earth to keep the wind from blowing it away. 
Trees, thus treated, have, with us, stood the severest 
drouths without any injury whatever, while those not 
mulched have perished. 
G. Pruning and Cultivating.— \V\ u\q the trees arc 
young, namely: for the first 2 or 3 years, they may 
easily be made to assume the proper low, spreading form, 
by heading back the leading shoots and cutting out in- 
terlacing limbs, but after the third year little pruning will 
be necessary. The ground should also be carefully culli- 
vatcd insv/eet potatoes, cow peas, pIndars and other low 
growing hoed crops, fora few years, gre»t caution, being 
exercised in so plowing as not to injure either trunk or 
roots; but, after the trees come into bearing and begin to 
spread, an occasional crop of cow peas, for turning unjL, 
.is alone admissable. 
THE WHEAT CHOP OF 1855. 
Evkry new calculation of the quantity of wl.eat to be 
garnered in the United States the present year, seems to be 
on the ascending scale. No one thipks (stiys the Roches- 
ter Democrat) of reducing the sum given by the'.censjis 
takers. In 1850, Uio amount of tlje crop is stated officially 
to have been within a fraction of 1^0,000,000 bushels. 
That was a productive year, and the crop of Ohio was 
nearly 30,000.000 bushels. JMr. Cist, editor Af a com- 
mercial paper in Ohio, puts down the total of this year of 
that State at 40,000,000, and computes the whole yield ol 
the States and Territories at 885,000,000. Mr. Cist has, 
for thirty years, been engaged as a stalician, and places a 
good deal of confidence in ins own figures. He retrards 
the seven States, Olno, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wis- 
consin, Iowa and i\Ii.ssouri, as the chief wheat growing 
States, from whence comes all the surplus sent abroad, the 
others barely producing enough for their own supply, and 
his calculation is based upon the probable yield in tl^ise 
sections. This mode of computing the supply is not 
understood, he thinks, in the Atlantic States, and hence 
they are liable to err in their judgments. 
With all the high estimates of the harvest, however, 
prices are provokingly slow in “coming down the best 
home-made Flour being now (Oct. 22d) worth S‘l 1 per 
barrel, in Augusta. 
Thk Horticulturist, for October,*is an excellent num- 
ber; and, under the new management, sustains, in all 
respects, its previously high reputation. It shoud be sub- 
scribed for and carefully perused by all loveis of Fruits, 
Flowers and fine Gardens. It is now published in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., at the low price of S2 per annum. Address 
R®bt.JP. Smith, Nos. 17 and 19 Minor st., Philadelphia, Pa- 
“The New York Horticultural REViE^tf,'’ is the title 
of a new IMonthly Magazine of 72 pages. It is “devoted 
to the Rural Arts and the advancement of the science of 
Horticulture in the United States,” and the first number 
opens with a vigor and spirit which augurs well for its 
usefulness and success. It is edited by C. Keagles, Esq. , 
assisted by H. P. KxigHt, Jas. Snowden and D. W. Ray, 
all practiced writers and experienced horticulturists. It 
may be ordered directly from the editor (C. Reagles, 208 
Broadway, New lork City) or through the agents. Geo. 
A. Oates iScBro., Augusta,^ Qp. Terms — ;ir2 per year; 
single numbers, 20 cents. 
“Affleck’s Southern Rural Al.manac,” for 1856, con- 
tains a great variety of useful niattar for farmers and 
planters. It may jje ordered from all Booksellers, or di- 
rectly from the editor, THo^us Affleck, Washington, 
Miss. Price 12^ cents. 
STATE AGEICTJLTTTRAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH CARO- 
LH^A. 
It will be seen from the following letter of our friend, 
Col. Summer,' tliat the State Society of South Caroliria will 
meeX in Columbia, on the 13th of November. W^ehope it 
will be numerously attended, and that a spirit of unanin.- 
ity and progressive improvement may prevail : 
Tfie annual meeting of the* State Agricultiwal Society 
will take place in Columbia, on Tuesday, the 13th of 
November. 
All Agriculturat, Horticultural and Mechanical Socie^ 
ties are invited to send delcgaies. 
The Uistrici Commiitees arc requested to make returns 
fo their respective lists of sMbscription by that day. Col. 
.\rihin: STmkins, 'oT Edgefitjd, wjll deliver tl^e Anniver- 
sary Address. The I-^xejiutive Committee will meet on 
Monday at 0 A. M.Jor the transaction of Imsiness. Punc- 
tual attendance of all Members is earnestly solicted. 
A G. SuM.MER, Sec. Ex. Com. 
Southern Grasses. — We trust that all who fee! arf In- 
terest in the establishment of pastuies and meadoV'S for the 
sujiport ol our valuable jive slock, will carefully reaivl and 
ponder on the very able article of our venerable and 
learned friend, Rtv. Dr. Bachman, of Charleston, which 
forms one of the opening chapters of present number. We 
feel very great pleasure in being able to promise our readers 
an occasional comnuinication on subjects of similar inter- 
est, Irom the same distinguished pen. 
WATER-MEADOWS, AND IRRIGATION GENERALLY. 
The West of England is becoming famous for the skill 
displayed in bringing water fi-om uplands on the hill skle 
at very high levels, and the economy of the process when 
compared with the costly apparatus and works used for 
irrigation in other quarters of the world. The jouriAal of 
the Bath and West of England Agricultural Society inrorn-is 
us that “so highly have the advantages of water-meadow’s 
been valued in some of the southern counties that as much 
as i:30, .elO or A50 per acre has, in many cases, been ex- 
pended in forming them by casting the whole surface of 
the ground into high regular ridges, with gutters along 
their crests, and along the valleys between them — the 
former to bring the water on, and the latter to carry it off 
