CARNIVORA. 
209 
the common dog of the Calmuc and independent 
Tartars, excellent for the chase, and all other uses. 
This breed is trained to the most important ser- 
vices in its cheerless native country, which appear 
to be very ill repaid, if the accounts we have of their 
treatment be correct. During the short Siberian 
summer, they are said to be turned adrift, to seek 
their own sustenance ; and at the commencement of 
winter they are taken home for a series of fatiguing 
labour. Four of these dogs are attached by pairs to 
a sledge, and before them is placed a leader, on the 
good training of which much of the utility of the set 
seems to depend. These sledges carry but one per- 
son, who guides them principally by his voice, with 
the assistance of a stick, and of reins fastened to the 
collars of the dogs. It is said they will thus draw a 
sledge between seventy and eighty miles in a day; 
and when the falling snow hides the beaten track 
from the sight of their master, they will keep or 
regain it by the power of their scent. 
THE ESKIMO DOG. 
This highly useful breed is described by Mr. 
Desmarest as having the head shaped like that of the 
wolf-dog; the tail spreading and curved; and the 
ears erect. The hair is of two sorts ; one silky, 
which is thinly scattered ; the other woolly, which 
is extremely thick, very fine, and curly, and may be 
pulled off in fiocks from the animal. The colour is 
black, or reddish ^ray, with large marks of white. 
