XIV 
INTRODUCTION. 
Europe, Africa, India, and China. They are alert in their actions, and dwell almost exclusively in rocky 
and sterile places where little water occurs, that element not apparently being necessary to their existence. 
95. Saxicola (enanthe ........... Vol. II. PI. XLV. 
W HEATEAR. 
An early spring visitant from Africa. Breeds in various parts of the three kingdoms, after which both 
old and young retire to winter in warmer climates ; some individuals proceed to high northern latitudes — 
Greenland and Arctic America. 
Genus Pratincola. 
An Old-World form, the members of which are more arboreal than the Wheatears, frequently perching on 
shrubs, bushes, and grasses. They are distributed over Europe, Africa, India, and China. 
96. Pratincola rubetra ........... Vol. II. PI. XLVI. 
Whin-Chat. 
Strictly a migrant from the south, arriving at the end of April, and, after breeding, departing again to 
whence it came : while here, it is very generally distributed. 
97. Pratincola rubicola ........... Vol. II. PI. XLVII. 
Stone-Chat or Furze-Chat. 
A resident bird, inhabiting commons and heath-covered districts; breeds and remains in its chosen 
situation from year’s end to year’s end. It is also found on the continent of Europe, and probably in some 
parts of Asia. 
Genus Ervthacus. 
Of this genus there are three species, the well-known Robin (^E. rubecula) of Europe, and the E. akahige 
and E. komadori of Japan. 
98. Ervthacus rubecula .......... Vol. II. PI. XLVIII. 
Robin. 
This familiar denizen of our gardens, shrubberies, and woodlands is a constant resident with us, is 
dispersed over the three kingdoms, and is a general favourite. It is also found on the continent of Europe, 
in North Africa, and the islands of Madeira and Tenerilfe, in which latter island I have myself shot examples. 
Genus Cyanecula. 
Two or three very differently marked birds of this form exist in Europe, Africa, India, and China. By 
