INTRODUCTION. 
Ixxxv 
172, PyRRHUL.\ VULGARIS Vol. III. PI. XLII. 
Bullfinch (young). 
Very generally dispersed over England, Scotland, and Ireland, and, as it breeds therein, must be regarded 
as a stationary species. 
Genus Carpodacus. 
Although the propriety of placing the Scarlet Bullfinch {Carpodacus erijthrims') and the Pine-Grosbeak 
{Pinicola emcleator') in the subfamily PyrrhuUncB may be questioned, it is certainly the best situation I can 
assign to them in the British avifauna. 
Of the genus Carpodacus about nine species are known, some of which inhabit America. 
173. Carpodacus erythrinus Vol. III. PI. XLIII. 
Scarlet Bullfinch. 
A native of North-eastern Europe and Asia, only two instances of the occurrence of which in this country 
are on record — one near Brighton, and another in Caen Wood, Hampstead, Middlesex. 
Genus Pinicola. 
Two or three very distinct species of Pine-Grosbeaks are now known, one of which frequents Norway, 
Lapland, and Russia ; the other, P. canadensis, is as exclusively an inhabitant of the northern portions of 
America, Canada, and Hudson’s Bay. 
174, Pinicola enucleator Voh III. PI. XLIV, 
Pine-Grosbeak. 
A very rare and inconstant visitor to the British Islands ; still many instances are on record of its having 
been killed here. 
Subfamily LOXIANA5. 
As the great forests of conifers are peculiar to the northern portions of the globe, so also are the members 
of the present remarkable group of birds, whose singularly constructed bills are especially adapted for 
extracting the seeds from the cones of these trees. Six or seven species are all that are known ; and these 
are spread over the Old World, from Europe, throughout Northern Asia, to Japan, and in the New World 
from the Arctic regions to Mexico. Two species come to Britain at uncertain intervals to breed. 
