ASTUR PALUMBARIUS. 
Goshawk, 
Falco gentilis, Linn. Faun. Suec., p. 20. 
palumbarius, Linn. Faun. Suec., p. 23. 
gallmarius, Gmel. edit. Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 266. 
albescens, Bodd. Tab. PL Enl., p. 25. 
A stiir palumbarius, Bechst. Tasclienb. Vbg. Deutsclil., tom. ii. p. 268. 
gallinarum, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., tom. i. p. 83. 
Aecipiter astur, Pall. Zoog. Rosso-Asiat., tom. i. p. 367, tab. 11. 
palumbarius, Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vert. Anim., p. 85. 
Buteo palumbarius, Flem. Hist. Brit. Anim., p. 54. 
Dcedalion palumbarius, Savig. Obs. sur le Syst. des Ois. d’Egypte, p. 94. 
The many instances on record of the breeding and capture of this truly noble species of Hawk in the midland 
and eastern counties of England and in Scotland, preclude its being regarded as one of our rarer birds ; at 
the same time how difficult would it be to say with certainty when and where it may be seen with us in a 
state of nature ? A pair or more, if fortunate enough to escape the vigilance of the keeper, may this year 
establish themselves in a suitable locality, breed, and rear their young ; the next, a similar attempt would be 
rendered futile by their destruction ; and a somewhat lengthened period may elapse before others arrive from 
the great nurseries of France, Germany, and Scandinavia. 
According to Mr. Rodd, the Goshawk has not been killed in Cornwall ; and the late Mr. Thompson informs us 
that it “cannot be included in the Irish fauna with certainty;” yet it would seem, from the writings of some 
old authors, to have been formerly common in the northern part of that country. In Scotland it formerly 
bred regularly in the forest of Darnaway, and in that of Glenmore, near Grantown, on the Spey ; and 
it may still do so. In ‘The Ibis’ for 1865, Mr. A. G. More says: — “Mr. Tottenham Lee states, 
in Dr. Morris’s ‘ Naturalist ’ for 1853, that a pair once took possession of a Raven’s nest in Roxburghshire, 
and that he had heard of another nest in the same county. Mr. Robert Gray, of Glasgow, who knew 
Mr. Lee, tells me that he was perfectly familiar with birds of prey, and was not likely to make a mistake as 
to the species. 
“ Macgillivray appears to have met with the Goshawk occasionally among the Grampians ; and Montagu 
quotes Colonel Thornton as having obtained a young one from near the Spey, and as having seen some 
eyries in the forest of Glenmore and Rothiemurchus. Mr. W. Dunbar also writes that, when he was a boy, 
it ‘ used to breed regularly in the woods of Castle Grant, and in Abernethy and Dulnane forests.’ ” 
Other instances of its occurrence in Britain have been mentioned by writers on our native birds, many of which 
are probably authentic. The Rev. F. O. Morris records one in Yorkshire, two in Suffolk, one in Norfolk, four 
in Northumberland, and one in Surrey. Dr. Moore states that it has been occasionally found on Dartmoor, 
in Devonshire ; and Mr. Stevenson informs us, in his ‘ Birds of Norfolk,’ that it appears occasionally in that 
county both in spring and autumn, but at uncertain intervals, and that it has of late years become more scarce 
than formerly ; and he subjoins a list of some seven individuals that had been killed therein. 
I have myself had the pleasure of handling in the flesh two of the finest specimens of this bird I have ever 
seen : one of these was killed on the 24th of January, 1859, at Somerleyton, in Suffolk, by a keei)er 
of Sir S. Morton Peto, Bart.; the other, which was submitted to my inspection by Mr. B. Leadbeater on the 
29th of March, 1864, had been shot at Normanby Park, Brigg, Lincolnshire, on the 24th of that month. 
The Suffolk bird was killed while I was on a visit to Sir Morton Peto, and was placed in my hands imme- 
diately after it was shot. It was a female of the previous year, just commencing to change its feathers, 
weighed two pounds fourteen ounces, and, although an immature example, the lengthened lanceolate 
markings of the breast greatly pleased me. It had been seen in the neighbourhood for some time 
previously ; and the keeper had more than once shot at and slightly wounded it ; notwithstanding, it did not 
become shy, but evinced a degree of intrepidity very unusual among birds of prey, almost daily leaving the 
woods and flying skulkingly up the lanes to the farm steadings, just overtopping the buildings, and pouncing 
down upon a hen or poult as opportunity served — the great scurry, consternation, and cackling of the 
mother hens bringing the housewife to the door just in time to see one of her feathered charges taken over 
the wall: once too often, however, was the foray made; for the keeper was in waiting and shot the culprit. 
This fine bird has been carefully preserved, and, I believe, is still at Somerleyton Hall, now the propertv of 
Sir Francis Crossley, Bart. 
