CYPSELUS MELBA. 
Alpine Swift. 
Hirimdo nielba, Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 345. 
Cypselus melha. 111. Prod. Syst. Mamm. et Av., p. 230. 
Apus melba, Cuv. R^g. Anim. (1817), tom. i. p. 373. 
Micropus melba, Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 165. 
Hirundo alpina. Scop. Ann. Hist. Nat., tom. i. p. 166. 
Cypselus alpinus, Temm. Man. d’Orn., 1815, p. 270. 
Micropus alpinus, Mey. et Wolf, Taschenb. Deutschl. Yog., tom. i. p. 282. 
Cypselus gutturalis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. d’Hist. Nat., tom. xix. p. 422. 
melbus, Vieill. Gal. des Ois., tom. i. p. 192, pi. 121. 
Hirundo gularis, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. x. p. 99. 
This fine Swift is a summer visitant to the central and southern portions of Europe. As its trivial 
name implies, it is also a denizen of the Alps, and, I believe, of the Apennine ranges also — rocky regions ap- 
pearing to be peculiarly attractive to it, although it is said also to frequent plains. In Berne and 
Fribourg, besides many other places, it is known to breed in the steeples of the cathedrals and churches 
of those fine old towns. Like the Common Swift it is a migrant, and in the early part of autumn leaves 
all the parts of Europe it frequents, and passes into Africa ; how far its range extends southward 
in the latter country is not known, the bird from the Cape Colony formerly supposed to be the same having 
been ascertained to be a distinct species. Besides being dispersed over Central and Southern Europe, the 
Alpine Swift is abundant in the Holy Land, Asia Minor, Persia, and, doubtless, all the intervening countries to 
Afghanistan and Western India, where, as will be seen by Mr. Jerdon’s notes given below, it is very numerous. 
Almost every person who has had an opportunity of observing this bird speaks in terms of admiration of its 
vast powers of flight : it is not surprising, therefore, that an individual should now and then wing its way 
across the Channel to the British Islands, and course over our meads and fields until it is shot. Its occurrence 
here is almost exclusively confined to England ; for I find no record of its having been seen in Scotland, and 
only two instances of its being killed in Ireland. The first specimen known as British was shot early 
in June 1820, by the bailiff of the late R. Holford, Esq., at Kingsgate, in the Isle of Thanet, and is now, I 
believe, in the possession of R. B. Hale, Esq., of Alderley Park, Gloucestershire. Since that date a few more 
examples have been killed in this country — one in Norfolk, another in Essex, a third in Kent, a fourth in 
Cambridgeshire, a fifth in Berkshire, and a sixth in Lancashire ; and there may have been others unknown 
to me. Having had no opportunities of studying the habits of the bird myself, I must refer to the writings 
of those who have been more fortunately placed. 
“ During the past summer,” says Mr. Hewitson, in a note to myself, “ I noticed the Great Swift wherever 
I vyent in Switzerland, on the mountain-passes on both sides and at the top of tlie Gemini, in the Canton 
Valais, and on the Righi. In former visits I saw it about the cathedral at Berne only. There I have many 
a time watched its glorious flight, and witnessed how superior it is in speed to the common species : whilst 
the C, apus sweeps round you and below the promenade on which you stand, this bird pursues his wonderful 
flight high in the air.” 
Badly states that it is quite as common in the rocky portions of Savoy during the months of summer as 
it is in Switzerland and the Tyrol, that it arrives there from the 15th to the 20th of April, and that it feeds 
exclusively upon insects, which it captures as it skims along with astonishing rapidity over bushes, trees, 
ditches, and the surface of the water, into which it occasionally dips to secure its jirey. It commences the 
duty of incubation about the end of May, or beginning of June. Both sexes engage in the construction of 
the nest, which is usually placed in a nearly always Inaccessible cleft of a rock, but occasionally among ruins 
or in a building situated on some mountainous ridge, and also under the stones on the roofs of the chalets. 
It is externally composed of small sticks and roots, intermingled with which are pieces of straw, which they 
seize with such address while skimming over the ground that the action is scarcely perceptible ; the Interior 
is lined with the catkins of poplars, the down of flowers, &c., which they seize in a similar manner or 
when blown about in the air, the whole being cemented together with the bird’s glutinous saliva. The eggs 
are two or three in number, and of a pure white. 
“ Cypselus melba,"' says the Rev. H. Tristram, “ though very abundant, is rather a local bird in the Holy 
Land, and only a summer migrant. The first time we noticed it was at daybreak, on February 12th, when, 
camped outside the walls of Jerusalem, we saw large flocks passing with amazing rapidity, at a great 
