ERYTHACUS RUBECULA. 
Robin, or Redbreast. 
Motacilla ruhecula, Limi. Faun. Suec., p. 95. 
Sylvia rubecula, Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. ii. p. 520. 
Curruca ruhecula, Leach, Syst. Cat. of Indig. Mamm. and Birds in Brit. Mus., p. 25. 
Erithaous rubecula, Macgill. Hist, of Brit. Birds, vol. ii. p. 223. 
Erythaca ruhecula, Swains. Faun. Bor.~Am., vol. ii. p. 488. 
Dandalus pinetorum et foliorim, Brehm, Vbg. Deutschl., p. 360. 
septentrionalis, Brehm, ib., p. 351, tab. 21. fig. 3. 
rubecula, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 972. 
Ficedula rubecula, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 553. 
Lusciola (^Erythactis) rubecula, Keys. & Bias. Wirbelth. Eur., p. 58. 
Lusciola rubecula-, Schleg. Rev. Crit. des Ois. d’Eur., p. 32. 
Rubecula rubecula, Brehm, Isis, 1828, p. 1280. 
Of all the birds inhabiting our islands the Robin is the one most universally known, and the one which 
receives protection from every hand. The villager in his garden regards its presence with favour, and the 
lady in her greenhouse likes to see it hop before her from flower-stem to flower-stem. Its name is a hallowed 
one in our memories, from the pleasing associations imprinted thereon by the nursery rhymes and tales of our 
infancy. “ Who killed Cock Robin ? ” and the “ Babes in the Wood ” are never forgotten. 
The universal acquaintance with the Robin is mainly due to its general distribution; for there is no bird 
that is more widely spread, or that frequents such varied situations. The garden, the shrubbery, the neatly 
mown lawn, the hedgerow, the green lane, the gully, and the centre of the most extensive wood are alike 
resorted to by this familiar bird. In each and all of these situations, he evinces no fear and no excitement 
at the approach of intruders ; his curiosity is soon appeased ; and if a picnic luncheon be spread, he 
hops from his twig for a crumb, or waits to take his turn of the spoils after the party has left. The presence 
of dogs gives him no uneasiness, and the strangeness of the scene excites but little surprise. Always alone, 
and always quiet (for the sllklness of his plumage renders his movements noiseless, and the rustling of his 
wings is never heard — any more than his tread on the earth, over which he bounds with amazing sprightliness), 
but little difference is seen in tbe manner of the bird in the wood from that of the one which, having become 
the familiar pet of the garden, has been allowed to enter the breakfast-room for his share of the meal, or 
has been fed in company with the Sparrow, on the snow in the midst of winter. Is it not, then, evident that 
in disposition, habits, and economy the Robin differs very considerably from other birds 7 Compare it for 
a moment with the gregarious Sparrow, or, if you will, with the Wheatear, the Whin-, or the Stone-Chat 
(birds to which it is more nearly allied), and it will be seen that they liave scarcely one trait in. common. The 
Robin has no associates, not even of its own kind, the company of the female not being tolerated except in 
the breeding-season. Every Robin has a limited area over which it reigns supreme, until a stronger one 
either kills or drives it away and takes its place ; and its general conduct towards other birds is that of a 
tyrant rather than a friend. Pugnacity is indeed one of the remarkable features of its disposition. The 
Robin not only fights with its own species but tilts with the Sparrow and every other bird over which, by 
activity and daring, it can gain mastery. Even its own young are not allowed to live peaceably, but are 
beaten off as soon as they are able to shift for themselves, and compelled to begin the world on their 
own account. 
The foregoing characteristics of the Robin are not, however, sufficient to account for its being so great a 
favourite. He is clearly not a courtier ; for he is as much at home with the poor as with the rich, equally 
at ease on the settle where sits the old man of the village and in the verandah of a palace, and will receive 
contributions from the tenants of both without regard to rank or distinction. Not even his bright bold 
eye or his showy breast can claim so much admiration or call forth tbe many ])oetic effusions of which he 
is the theme. What, then, is it that renders the Robin so popular? It is the pleasing character of his 
song, and the charm which it gives to solitude at the fall of the leaf — a song which increases in sweetness 
and intensity as the day wanes toward the end of autumn ; even in winter, if the weather be open, its clear 
and sharply terminated strain may be heard both in the morning and the evening. At the period of the 
year’s decadence all other birds are mute ; and hence, having no competitor, bis voice attracts exclusive 
attention, and his strain, tinged with melancholy, harmonizes with the wintery scene around, and seems, as 
it were, to foreshadow the close that awaits us all. 
The food of the Robin principally consists of insects, to which worms, caterpillars, and a fair share of 
