BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS. 
American Bittern. 
Ardea lentiginosa, Mox^t. Orn. Diet. Suppl., pi. 
stellaris, var., Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. ii. p. 680. 
minor, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. vh. p. 35, pi. 65. fig. 3. 
moJeoho, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. d’Hist. Nat., tom. xiv. p. 440. 
Botaurus freti Hudsonis, Briss. Orn., vol. v. p. 449. 
lentiginosus, Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xi. p. 596. 
minor, Bonap. Geog. and Comp. List of Birds of Eur. and N. Amer., p. 48. 
There are at least four or five instances on record of this Bittern having been killed in the British Islands ; 
but it is questionable if it has ever been seen on the continent of Europe — a circumstance which is somewhat 
strange, and leads one to wonder how those Avhich have wandered hither have found their way from America 
to this country. If the bird were endowed with great powers of flight or a structure which would enable it to 
rest on tbe great waters which intervene between the Old and the New Worlds, the passage would not be a 
difficult one. By what means, then, does it arrive here ? The most plausible theory that presents itself to 
my mind is that the transit is effected by those birds which are blown off the coast of America resting from 
time to time on the great masses of floating sea-weed and pieces of timber so constantly occurring in the 
open ocean and especially in the Gulf-stream, which sets directly on our own shores and those of Northern 
Europe. If there were not such opportunities for resting, how would it be possible for the little Regulus 
calendula to reach Scotland, or the Yellow-billed Cuckoo and Belted Kingfisher to land in safety on the coast 
of Ireland ? whence these feeble-winged birds never attempt to return, but make the best they can of the 
strange land they have lit upon until shot down and converted into trophies for the museum, examples for 
the pencil of the artist, and materials for a page or two in works of science, wherein they are recorded 
as accidental visitors. 
The first recorded British specimen, the one “ from which Colonel Montagu’s description and figure were 
taken, was shot by Mr. Cunningham in the parish of Piddletown, in Dorsetshire, in the autumn of 1804. 
Mr. Cunningham stated,” continues Yarrell, “ that, when in pursuit of some Pheasants among the high 
banks between the broad ditches of some rich water-meadows about half a mile distant from the river 
Froine, the bird rose, and be shot it. The flight was rather rapid, and the bird made a noise something like 
the tap on a drum, which induced him to believe it wa^ the Common Bittern ; and as such he sent it to Colonel 
George, of Penryn, in Cornwall, who was at that time making a collection of birds. The specimen was quite 
fresh when It arrived at Penryn, where it was preserved ; but the sex was not noted. When Colonel George 
disposed of his collection, this bird was bought for Colonel Montagu, and was afterwards with his other birds 
transferred to the British Museum, where it is still preserved.” 
The second example was made known by Dr. Edward Moore, who In his “ Catalogue of the Wading Birds 
of Devonshire,” published in the tenth volume of tbe ‘ Magazine of Natural History,’ says: — “I have been 
so fortunate as to obtain a specimen shot at Mothecombe, near Plymouth, December 22, 1829.” 
The knowledge of the occurrence of a third example near Christchurch in 1836, was communicated to 
Mr. Yarrell by the Rev. H. D. Fussell, of Ellingham, near Ringwood, Hants. Yarrell was also told by Mr. 
J. R. Wallace, of Douglas, In the Isle of Man, that a bird, believed to be of this species, had been procured 
on that island. 
In October 1844 I had the pleasure of handling in the flesh the only specimen yet obtained in Scotland. 
It was killed on the property of my old and valued friend Sir William Jardine, Bart., in Dumfriesshire, with 
whom I was at the time on a visit at Jardine Hall. 
In 1846 the late Mr. Thompson placed on record, in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ “the 
occurrence of an American Bittern in Ireland, the first known to have visited this island. The fresh skin 
being sent to Belfast to be preserved and mounted, came under my inspection on the 14th of November, 
1845 ; and having learnt that it had been sent from Armagh by the distinguished astronomer Dr. T. R. 
Robinson — whose acutely observant eye had not failed to mark the differences between it and Botaurus 
stellaris,—! wrote to him for all particulars respecting the bird, and received tbe following information 
“ It was shot by my second son, W. R. Robinson, about noon on the 12th of November last, in a bog, part 
of a flat partially drained tract called Llayde Bottoms, surrounded with hills, and a mile from Armagh. It 
was put up in sedge, seemed lazy, and flew heavily, not showing the usual wariness of the Bittern, but letting 
