CICONIA NIGRA. 
Black stork. 
Ardea nigra, Linn. Faun. Suec., p. 68. 
Ciconia nigra, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl., tom. iv. p. 96. 
fiisca, Bliss. Orn., torn. v. p. 362, pi. 31. 
Like tlie foregoing species, the Black Stork is a migratory bird. In the spring it advances to a much higher 
latitude than the White, visiting even Russia and Siberia, and passing over Sweden towards the north in con- 
siderable numbers ; but it seldom comes so far westward as England. In Eastern Europe it is frequently 
met with ; it is included by Schrenck among the birds of Amooiiand; it also Inhabits North Africa, and 
it is particularly abundant on the Nile, whence a fine specimen was brought to me by Mr. Cuthbert Larking. 
The Rev. H. B. Tristram states that it is found all through the winter in small flocks on the barren plains 
by the Dead Sea, never visiting the upper country, and mentions that he met with a flock of about two 
hundred, apparently searching for food, in the barren salt plain close to the border of that sea. They were 
too wary to allow him to approach within shot, but did not fly far when disturbed. As well as he could 
discover, they were feeding on the small snails which cluster on the twigs of the Salsola in that arid region. 
In the islands of the Mediterranean it appears. to be scarce; Mr. Wright notes it as rare at Malta and 
Gozo, and Lord Lllford as being equally so in the Ionian Islands ; Messrs. Elwes and Buckley state that it is 
by no means numerous in Turkey, but that a pair is found here and there in Bulgaria. 
Unlike the White, the Blaek Stork shuns rather than courts the society of man, “ and,” says Mr. Bennett, 
“ makes its temporary dwelling in the most secluded spots, frequenting impenetrable morasses or the banks 
of such rivers and lakes as are seldom disturbed by the presence of intruders, and building its nest on the 
summits of the loftiest pines.” It would seem, however, that the situation of the nest depends much upon 
the nature of the locality ; for Messrs. Elwes and Buckley state that in Bulgaria “ the nest is usually built in a 
rock in a lonely situation, and is used for many consecutive years ” : and Mr. W. H. Simpson, when speaking 
of the low cliffs which flank the lateral valleys and occasionally the stream of the Danube itself on the shore of 
the same country, states that they are favourite places for the larger birds of prey ; but not of these alone, for 
the Black Stork also breeds there ; “ at least,” says he, “ we discovered one nest in a very peculiar position for 
a bird which has the reputation of breeding in the densest thickets of impervious morasses. The clitfin this 
case was about sixty feet high, the strata being horizontal or nearly so. In the face of the upper ledge there 
had been at some time, artificially excavated in the soft stone, a chamber having a sort of antechamber, which 
communicated by means of a couple of steps with a crack in the rock, which it was not difficult to reach from 
the top when the exact path was once known. The chamber itself had much the appearance of a hermit’s 
cell; but as the aperture in the face of the cliff was the entire width of one side, the apartment was airy and 
cheerful, commanding a fine view of the valley below. Altogether it was a place where one could have had no 
objection to put up for a few days in case of necessity. Here it was that a pair of Black Storks had taken 
up lodgings for the season, as we found out one morning about the 27th of April. Some little time elapsed 
before we discovered the entrance from the top, a fact of which the Black Storks were probably not cognizant. 
At the time of our first visit there were no eggs, nor, indeed, was there any thing exactly worthy of the name 
of a nest. But in the floor of the chamber was a circular depression about the size and shape of a large 
dinner-plate, not far from the edge of the aperture. For what purpose this depression, evidently artificial, 
had been made, was to us as great a mystery as the origin of the entire excavation. The Black Stork had 
evidently thought she could put it to some use ; for it was here, upon a few dry sticks which partially filled 
the depression, that she meant to lay her eggs. As it was necessary for me to leave Turkey about the 4th 
of May, it was agreed not to approach the place again till the day before my departure. In the interim I 
used occasionally to take a stroll down the valley and seat myself on the opposite hill, where, through a 
telescope, I could see the Black Stork sitting composedly on her make-shift of a nest, looking like some 
spirit of darkness in its cave. Already I was counting the eggs, which would undoubtedly have been mine 
but for the evil curiosity of a Transylvanian shepherd, who had noticed me spying into the hole, and had 
perhaps seen us entering it. On the appointed day I rode over with a friend. Dismounting at the edge of 
the cliff we crept down to the crack in the rock, and thence through the artificial passage into the chamber 
itself. Neither bird nor eggs were visible ; some great catastrophe had happened, and the eggs I had 
counted on, though laid, were missing. It ti'anspired that the Transylvanian bad done the deed, having 
