such as the Thames and its tributaries, the Colne and Kennet, will be visited by Coots, which, if allowed 
to remain unmolested, will immediately pair; should the pond be large and suited to the habits of the 
bird, such as that at Hay Mill, close to the railway between Salt Hill and Taplow, several pairs will take up 
a residence. A week of courtship follows soon after their arrival ; each pair selects a particular station, 
and the process of constructing their nest commences. This structure is rather high, but nearly flat in 
form ; and is composed of a mass of herbage, either placed in the water among the reeds, or high and dry 
in a tussuck of grass. The first egg being laid, six, seven, and sometimes eight, are deposited in as many 
days. The female now assiduously performs the task of incubation, cheered no doubt by the immediate 
presence of her mate, who swims about noiselessly hut constantly before her, keeping off all intruding 
Coots, and ])rotecting her to his utmost from every danger. The exact period incubation occupies is 
unknown to me ; but in about a fortnight, in lieu of the eggs, we find the nest tenanted by young birds of 
the most interesting character for beauty of colouring that I have ever had the pleasure of beholding. 
This infantine state of the bird’s existence is so pleasing to me that I must pray to be excused if guilty 
of any verbosity in my account of this part of the bird’s history. I would ask my readers to glance at the 
accompanying Plate, where these young birds are depicted on their flattened nest : their beautiful colours 
are neither heightened nor augmented in any way ; they are as nearly portraits as the pencils of Mr. Wolf 
and Mr. Richter could render them. This state of plumage is hut seldom seen, even by the ornithologist; 
for on the least disturbance they immediately leave the nest, and shroud themselves from observation by 
diving beneath the water, or secreting themselves among the thick herbage : besides which, they are only 
adorned with this interesting dress for the short period of three, or at the utmost four days. The black 
down of the body is retained for a considerable period ; but the red, blue, and flesh tints of the head 
gradually give place to other markings, which are almost as remarkable. At this period of the bird’s 
existence it increases very rapidly in size, and the red hair-like feathers are thrown off simultaneously with 
the rich colouring of the head and bill. At the age of three weeks, if it has escaped the voracity of the 
Pike, the legs and the pupils of the eyes are black ; and the bill, which is now an inch in length, is of a 
brick-red, with a white tip, and is crossed about the middle of both mandibles by a zigzag mark of black ; 
the down of the body is exchanged for feathers, which on the breast and abdomen are white, a hue which 
as the bird advances in age becomes hoary, and, by the time it is two months old, changes to the general 
tint of the adult. The bill is now dull olive-brown, with the tip and frontal plate (which latter is but 
little developed) somewhat lighter ; the eye is still nearly black ; the legs and feet dull olive, with darker 
joints ; and the bird is nearly as large as the adult. Specimens in this state were sent to me from Coomhe 
Abbey, on the 9th of August, 1859. In the following spring the adult plumage is perfected, and the frontal 
plate becomes gradually spread over the crown. To give correct delineations of the Coot in all its changes, 
from early youth to maturity, would require several Illustrations. 
The eggs, which are about two inches in length by an inch and a half in breadth, are of a reddish stone- 
colour, peppered, as it were, all over with minute specks of purplish black. 
The colouring of the adult may be described in a few words. 
The feathers round the frontal plate and those of the head and neck are jet-black ; from the lower part 
of the neck, this black passes into the deep slate-grey of the body ; the tips of the primaries and secondaries 
are washed with greyish white, which is only seen when the wings are expanded ; the tertiaries and hinder 
parts of the body become gradually darker, but not so dark as the under tail-coverts, which are of a jetty 
hue ; a slight wash of brown pervades the thighs and centre of the abdomen ; the irides are blood-red ; feet 
and toes light greyish or olive white ; the joints and edges of the membranes of its scalloped toes 
dark-bluish grey ; nails purplish black ; both sides of the tarsi, about the middle, and the garter yellowish 
green, the hinder part of the garter being orange ; bill and frontal plate milky white. 
The Plate represents the bird rather under the natural size. 
