ciiAr. XXIV 
BERWICKSHIRE AND SOLWAY PLATEAUX 
375 
wraps round the south-western end of this range, thus furnishing another 
illustration of the renewal of volcanic activity in the same region dunng 
„ive geolosW 
are. occ„™ ii. the laoaj plain or Me«e ot the 'ih™ 
of the Teveecl.' Tlie northern limit ot its volcanic tntl ocsim m the l.iyei 
WhTta/der aho.e l -nne. ivhe.iee the erupted materials ^ 
and thicken towards the south-west by Stitcliell and Kelso, until_ the} 
S out against the hanks of the Cheviot Hills. The eastern -t-smu 
the area is lost beneath the Cement-stone group winch 
down to the sea. Its western boundary must once have reached far be}on 1 
its present limits, for tlie low Silurian ground m that direction is dotte 
over with scattered vents to a distance of ten miles or more from 
outcrop of the bedded lavas, extensive denudation having cleared awaj 
erupted materials and exposed the volcanic pipes over many don 
country Among the more prominent ot these old vents are the Lildo 
Hills, 'Minto Crags and Hubers Law, as well as many other eminences 
familiar in Border story. fontnrp in the 
Tlie bedded volcanic rocks of this area form a marked featme n e 
tonomaphy and geology of the district. They rise above the plain ot the 
Zi is a band of undulating hills, of which the eminence crowned by 
Hume Castle about 600 feet above the sea, is the most conspicuous tieig . 
Tthe ™olosA «*■ tl.fa pmt of Scotland tl.cy .» mainly .nlcnmae.l 
Ictvvpan the” Upper Old Hod Sandstone and the base ot the Oarhonifeious 
.«ch X tta serve to divide from each other. But their orvest 
sheets kppear to he in some places intercalated in the Old Led bandstone, 
so that their eruption probably began before the ° ZZareat 
iferoiis period. They form a band that curves round the end of the reat 
Carboniferous troiigli at Kelso and skirts the northern edge of the andesites 
of the Lower Old Red Sandstone in the Cheviot Hills. 
5 The Solway Plateau.— The last plateau, that of the Solway basin 
though its present visible eastern limits approach those reached by the la c 
from the Berwickshire area, was quite distinct, ami had its duet vents 
TV. n iLo west- On the north-western flanks 
:!■ to upper Old Bed Smrdefnne ie nverlain by the 
lowe.1 Cnrhoniferone etrala, vvithont the interctd.tmn of ary yolcMi.c rone 
eo that there must have been some intern.ed.ate gronnd “ ^ 3 ' 
Hooded with lava from the vents of the Verse on the m e h.md, and of the 
Solway on the other. The Solway lavas form a much thmnei 
those of Berwickslure. From the wild moorlaml between the sources of the 
> This iilateau is shown on Sheets 17, 25, 26 and 33 of the Geological Survey M,ap of Scotland. 
It was ohieliy mapped hy Prof. James Geikio ant i. *. r, « lO 11 and 
■d For a dLineaLn of the distribution and structure of this plateau sec Sheet , 5, “ 
17 of the Geological Survey of Scotland. lu the upper part of Lrddesdale Ewesdale ‘ 
w n V PpupI, ■ in lower Liddesdale and Eslcdale hy Mr. R. L. Jack and m. 
“ 'Ll. s.;,: I "y -■ ..di. ib—tM t, 
Mr. John Horne. 
