CHAP. XXVIII 
PUYS OF THE FIRTH OF FORTH 
471 
43. Basalt, a compact black solid rock, with a vesicular and amygdaloidal bottom, about 
40 feet. This sheet runs out into the promontory of Kinghorn Ness. 
42. Basalt, lirm, compact and highly amygdaloidal throughout, 15 feet. 
41. Basalt, earthy, amygdaloidal and scoriaceous in the upper part, compact below. 
40. Red tufaceous marl, clay or bole, a few inche.s thick. 
.19. Basalt ; one ot the most compact sheeta of the whole series, about 40 feet. The 
top is lormed of a thick /one of scoriaceous and brecciated material, the bottom i.s 
singularly uneven owing to the very irregular surface of the underlying bed. 
38. Basalt more or less scoriaceous throughout, esj)ecially at the bottom, the vesicles being 
drawn out round the slag-like blocks. 
37. Green tufaceous shales with bands of fine green tuff, 7 to 8 feet. The lower bands 
consist of a gravelly tulf ]jassing up into a fine volcanic mudstone, with scattered 
lapilli of basalt an inch or more in diameter. 
.16. Basalt, with an upper, earthy and highly amygdaloidal portion, 30 feet. 
35. Tufaceous sandstone and shale, 6 to 8 feet. 
34. Basalt, in a thick bed, having an earthy, slaggy top and a scoriaceous bottom. . 
33. Basalt, very slaggy below with a compact centre. 
32. Basalt, like that below it. 
31. Basalt, firm, compact, black rock, with a rough, green earthy band, from 6 inches to a 
foot, at the bottom, and becoming again very slaggy at the top. 
30. Green shale like that below the underlying limestone, a few inches in thickness. 
29. Coarse, green, sandy tufaceous limestone, averaging 1 foot in thickness. 
28. Black shale with jilants, 12 or 14 feet, becoming green and tufaceous at the top. 
27. Basalt — the most striking of the whole section — a tine compact black olivine-bearing 
rock, beautifully columnar, 30 feet. The columns reach to within a foot of the 
bottom of the bed and cease about 10 feet from the to]!, the ujiper portion of the 
bed being massive, with vesicles which are drawn out parallel to the bedding of the 
8erie.s. The lowest part of the bed is a broken brecciated band, 3 or 4 inches thick, 
(See Fig. 171.) 
26. Black shale with fragmentary plants, 3 feet. 
25. Basalt, with plentiful olivine, 12 to 16 feet. The base is not highly .scoriaceous, but 
finely vesicular. Towards the top it becomes green, earthy and roughly brecciated. 
It partly cuts out the tulf underneath. 
24. Tuff, green, fine-grained .and well-stratified, consisting chiefly of fine volcanic dust, 
but becoming coarser towards the top, where it contains lapilli and occasional 
bombs of highly vesicular lavas. 
23. Black carbonaceous shale, 3 feet ; approaching to the character of an impure coal in 
the lower part, and becoming more argillaceous above' with some thin nodular 
calcareous bands. 
22. Green tuff, 12 feet, well stratified and fine-grained, with minute lapilli of highly 
vesicular basic lavas ; become.? shaly at the bottom. 
21. Basalt, compact, amygd.aloidal, with highly vesicular upper surface, 20 feet. 
20. Basalt, hard, black and full of olivine ; an irregular bed 3 to 6 feet thick. 
19. Basalt, dull brownish-green to black, full of kernels and strings of calcite, and show'- 
ing harder and softer bands parallel with upper and under surfaces, which give it 
a stratified appearance. 
18. Ba.salt, some i)arts irregularly compact, others earthy and scoriaceous. The distin- 
guishing feature of this bed is the abundance of its enclo.sed fragments of shale, 
ironstone and limestone, which here and there form half of its bulk. The 
roughly scoriaceous upper portion is especially full of these fragments. In the 
ironstone balls coprolites may be detected, and occasional pieces of plant-stems are 
embedded in the basalt. This lava has evidentl}' broken up and involved some 
of the underlying strata over which it flowed. This rock overhangs Pettveur 
Harbour. 
17. Shales and limestone bands more or less tufaceous, 8 to 10 feet, with plants, cyprids, 
etc. The intercalation of fine i)artings of tuff in this band has been already- 
cited on p. 438, as an illustration of the feeble intermittent character of many 
of the volcanic explosions between successive outflowings of lava. 
