70 
CiiAiiLEs Austin (Jardner. 
Kafllosiacoao in Australia, it is also a sj)eci(‘s hrioiiging to a Socfioji of a genus 
hitherto n^corded only fi*om America, and it is, ai)art from Trirhorllne. the only 
genus j-estrieted to fSoiitli America and South Western Australia. This relation- 
ship, usually exhibited by the Antarctic Element, is, as a rule, more strongly 
represented in X('w Zealand, Tasmania and Wctoria than in any other part of 
Australasia, and is excunjililit'd most strongly by Proteaceae, Cen(rolepLs\ 
Stylidiaceae and Ej)aci‘idaoeae. 
Tile distribution of the Rafflc'siaeeao is interesting. Of the four Tribes, 
tlie Rafllesieai!, a.Il large-flowered species, art? restricted to the Indo-Malayau 
region t a with 12 to 13 species toeing foiiml in Malaya, ^Vlalacca. 
Borneo and Sumatra ; Sitprtd, with one spt'cies eutlemic in the Eastern 
Himalayan region, a-nd /?/o2n///7/a.s* with two species from -lava, Sumatra, 
i^ornt'o and Malacca. .All of tliese are found on tlie roots and stems of tlu' 
\ itaeeae. I lie I ribe ^litrasfemouoat', Avith the single genus J//Pr/.s7e//u>a, com- 
prising thrt*(' specit'H, t'xlf'iids from Sonlhci'n -lapa-n tf) Siimati’a, atnl is parasitic 
oil tilt' roots of Eagaceae. ’’(’lu' Trilie Cyfint'ac includes t wo genera. Cijtinus and 
BdallopJiyion ; the formt'r, with six s])ocies, extends from the Alediterranean 
Region to South Africa and Aladagascar. and has various host plants, while 
the latter genus. Lidal}ophn(on, Avith four sjiecit's. is restricted to ^Mexico, and also 
lias various host plaufs. 
TIha '■j'rilie A]»alantheae comprises two genvra, Apodavfhes and PiJo.si pies. 
I he fot'iuer. willi two specii'S, is parasitic on the Elacourtiaceat' (Caspdvin) and 
is resi rifted to Tro[)ieaI AmtHea. Pilo-stples on the otlier hand, is the most 
AA'idely distributed genus oi the family. pdoshjles Harms, has fiftinsi spetht's 
extending from ( ahtoruia and lexas to I5razil and ('hile. '^fhe various sjiecios 
are parasitic on th(^ thriM' families of the Lt'guminosae, eacii specie's occurring 
on a single ge'iius. live oecurrhig on Calh'findni and Mlwosa (ATimosae.eac'), thn'o 
on Bdfdnnia ((Wsal|iiniae{'ae) and the n'lnaindt'r on Didea, Adesmitf, (jfdariitt, 
and J (t rose la {Papilionaeeae'). The new s|)eci(‘s described bi'loAV is t h(' first 
extra- Ami'riean specie's to hc' recorded, and is piirasitic on a genus of tht* 
Podalyrii'ae (Papiliouact'ae). Astraijaladehe. AA'ilh one s{)eei('s, is restricted 
to Peisia, A\'hf*re it eicctu's as a pai'asit-e on specie's Asb'ftfjfdas (T*apiIionaceae- 
dalege'ae'). and the ^ Berlinianche Avith two species is revstricted to tropica! 
Africa, where it. occurs as a [tarasite in the brandies of Berilnai and Brachip 
slepia ((’aesalpiniaceae-Amht'rstieao). 
BUostyles is pe-ihaps the smallest-floAATU'etl ge'uus of the Rafhesiaoeao. and 
all appear to he stem parasites with a restricted range of host-plants. The 
new spt'cies is rt'hitcd to tfio American jilants, just liow closely 1 do not knoAv, 
but the absi'iice of a distinct p('i*ianth-tube, the cla\v*ed Jicrianth-segmcnts. 
and the canai or tubi' of the column of tlie male floAA’er are points Avhich I luwe 
not been able to associate Avith any other species of this Section. 
The evidence suggests that Pihsfyles is an Auturlic Elc'ment AA'hich had 
its origin in the great soutlieni land. The main branch (§ Eapdosfijles) had 
two migration roiili's — out' iiortliAvards in the American i^ontiiK'nt, Avhere its 
distribution now I'xtends over the tropical and Avarm regions, and a second 
migiation loufe of whit'h iht' only cA'idence aa'o possess is this no\v' sjAocies in 
South Western Australia. Tlie § Be.rlinianche of tropical Africa, reiiresent a 
third migration route which may have terminati'd there, and this appears 
probable, for there are structural peculiarities in this Section Avhich indicate 
that the Persian species is not dt'rivi'd from them. The Persian species 
(§ Asfrngalanche) seems to be most closely related to the South American 
s})('ci('s. If this is triu', then it is ])rohable tliat is lias reached Persia by A\'ay 
