62 
IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCE 
conifers, as spruce, pine, and tamarack abound, while along the 
river, especially where the timber is. largely second growth, the 
trees are deciduous. 
Of the shrubs, hazel, dogwood, low willow, and high-bush 
cranberry are prominent; herbs do not differ materially from 
those of southern Minnesota, except, possibly, in their greater 
luxuriance of growth, due to the high percentage of humidity 
of the region and to the long periods of sunshine and daylight 
through the summer months. 
The timber extends to the water’s edge, while the shrubs lie 
back from the river. 
Opposite the collecting ground are two islands, apparently 
rocky ledges that have been uplifted in some earlier geological 
disturbance. Seeds carried by birds, wind, or water have lodged 
in crevices of rocks, and thus, white pines, birches, and cotton- 
woods have become established. 
The collection, except where otherwise noted, was made be- 
tween August 14 and August 25, 1914. Vernal plants had prac- 
tically disappeared, although each day some belated spring blos- 
som was discovered. Thus solitary Aquilegias, Clintonias, and 
Violas, long past their usual blooming period, displayed flowers. 
Where locality is not noted. International Falls is understood. 
A few specimens are included that were collected near Eainy 
Lake and others from the Canadian side of the river ; also a few 
from the west bank of the Winnipeg river . near Minaki, and one 
from Hibbing, Minnesota. 
To the list referred to, collected by the writer, are added other 
plants collected in April by Miss Annette Miller at Littlefork, 
Minnesota, and by Dr. Mary C. Ghostley in 1915 at Interna- 
tional Falls, to whom my thanks are due. 
It is noticeable that plants from ‘ ‘ cleared ground ’ ’ are largely 
of a weedy nature, and are introduced plants probably brought 
in by immigrants. 
It is also interesting to note that certain species common in 
our locality are replaced by other similar species in the more 
northern habitat ; thus. Polygonum cilinode is as common around 
fences and in similar locations in northern Minnesota as its 
more vigorous representative, P. Convolvulus in Iowa. The for- 
mer is more slender in appearance and its leaves are slightly 
reddish. It is rather ornamental in character. 
