EARLY IOWA LOCALITY RECORDS 
111 
that the Council Blulf of the earlier reports is Council Bluffs, 
Iowa. The two localities are on opposite sides of the Missouri 
river, and hence in different states, and the difference of about 
twenty-seven miles between them is suificiently great to be of in- 
terest in connection with the preparation of state lists. Say in- 
variably wrote' the name Council Bluff, and most of the authors 
who subsequently copied his record used the same form. But in 
some cases, particularly those of more recent date, an effort was 
made to supply the name of the state or territory, and an error 
has resulted. Thus Frank C. Baker, in a recent work,^® cites 
‘'Council Bluffs, Iowa,” as the type locality for Lymnaea um- 
hrosa Say, a form of Galha elodes (p. 324), and among the local- 
ities for Galha elodes appears the following: ^^lowa: Missouri 
Kiver, in the vicinity of Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie county 
(Say).” Say’s original record mentions neither county nor 
state. The only accurate reference of Council Bluff to Nebraska 
which the writer has seen in locality citations of this kind 
appears in W. G. Binney’s report on Land Shells in "Warren’s 
Explorations in Nebraska, to which subsequent reference will be 
made in this paper. Here (p. 125) the locality is given as 
“Council Bluff, N. T.” (Nebraska Territory.) 
More important than the difference in political divisions, how- 
ever, is that between the ecological regions on the opposite sides 
of the Missouri river. The Nebraska side of the valley is bor- 
dered by less abrupt and more heavily wooded bluffs, while those 
bordering the Iowa side are formed by abrupt bald ridges which 
stand out in sharp contrast with those of the opposite side. 
These differences affect the local distribution of both plants and 
animals, and forest forms are much more common on the Ne- 
braska side. For this reason it does make a difference whether 
Council Bluff is located on the east or the west side of the river. 
For the convenience of those who are interested in the distri- 
bution records of our biota, and who do not have access to the 
older works which refer to Council Bluff, and to other localities 
in this part of the country, the writer here presents a series of 
notes on older Iowa records, with incidental references to the 
Council Bluff records, which it must be clearly understood do 
not belong to Iowa. It must also be remembered that the more 
recent references to Council Bluffs, w^here they are not mere 
icThe Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America — Special Publication, No. 
3, Chicago Academy of Sciences, 1911. 
