FLORA OF THE CASCADES 
149 
lands. To the southward of Sisters on the east side of the creek, 
there is a rather large tract of level country, portions of which 
are irrigated and under cultivation. The country to the north- 
east is rough and hilly. Evei’ywhere there is an uneven growTh 
of yellow pine and juniper {Juniper us occidentalis) . In the 
cultivated sections- the soil is fairly fertile, but over most of the 
area that came under our observation it is rather thin and poor, 
being made up largely of volcanic sand and grravel, with mucn 
loose rock in larger fragments, and occasional solid basaltic out- 
crops. The topographic and other conditions are thus seen to 
be sufficiently varied to give a fair idea of the general floral 
character of this part of the state. 
It should be stated, before we proceed to a more detailed ac- 
count of the species inhabiting' the several areas studied, that 
the date (July 20-26) was too advanced to secure specimens of 
the short-lived vernal vegetation so characteristic of arid regions 
in our latitude. An examination showed, however, that this 
had not been particularly abundant. 
In our present study we will arrange our species in four 
groups according to the moisture conditions of their habitat, 
viz., (1) species growing in water or saturated soil; (2) species 
of damp meadows and bottom lands; (3) species of level, mod- 
erately dry ground; (4) species of very dry, mostly hilly ground. 
Some of these groups, particularly (3) and (4) intergrade to a 
great extent, but we shall attempt to assign to each form its 
most characteristic habitat. 
The first group consists of hydrophytes and subhydrophytes, 
most of which are of wide distribution. They are 
Potmuogeton pusillus 
Alopecurus geniculatus fulviis 
Eleocharis palusiris 
Car ex utriculata 
Carex sp. 
Carex sp. 
Carex sp. 
J uncus ensifolius major 
Salix sp. 
Salix sp. 
Polygonum ampJiihium 
Comamm palustre 
Sphaerosciadium capitellatum 
Cicuta occidentalis 
Veronica scutellata 
Veronica americana 
Of these sixteen species, at least half are of more or less gen- 
eral distribution over the United States, while probably three 
or four of tlie others occur on both sides of the Cascades. It is 
merely a Transition group, unaffected, of course, by the general 
aridity of the region. 
