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IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCE 
of Tropical Africa and Jamaica is a commercial redwood. The flowers of the 
Dhak-tree, Pulas or Palas-trge, or Bastard-teak (Butea frondosa Roxb.) are 
employed in making a red dye. Tannin occurs in B. superba Roxb. The 
Caesalpinias are the sources of various dyes and many of the species contain 
tannin. Pernambuc, Red Brazilwood, Japanwood, Red Sandalwood (Gaesalpinia 
ochinata Lam.) is a commercial redwood. The bark of Sappanwood, Sampfen- 
wood or Bukkum {C. Sappan L.) of India furnishes a red dye. A yellow dye 
is obtained from C Crista L., a red dye from C. sepiaria Roxb. and C. vesicaria 
L. while tannin is obtain from many species as C. hrevifolia Baill, C. Brasil- 
iensis L., C. Gacalaco H. and B., C. coriaria Willd., C. digyna Rottl. and the 
species named above. In Siberia the leaves of the Pea-tree {Garagana arl)o- 
rescens Lam.) furnish a blue dye. A saffron dye is obtained from the wood 
of the Yellow Wood, known also as Kentucky Yellow Wood, Yellow Locust, 
Gopherwood or American Fustic (Cladrastis' tinctoria Raf.). The Purple 
Heart (Copaifera publiflora Benth.) yields a yellow dye which however needs 
alum to be permanent. The Broom, Hag-weed or Golden Willow {Gytisus 
scoparius Link.) contains both a yellow coloring principle and tannin. A red 
dye is obtained from Waras (Flemingia congesta Roxb.). One source of the 
famous Kendal green was Genista tinctoria L. which has many local names as: 
Dyer’s Furze, Dyer’s Whin, Dyer’s Green Woad, Dye-weed, Widow-wisse, and 
Alleluia. A yellow dye is obtained from this plant, the flowers alone being 
used in Germany, but the whole upper part of the plant in certain other 
localities. 
Liquorice {GlycyrrJiiza gladra L.) contains a brown dye-principle. 
The most important of the leguminous dye-plants is undoubtedly Logwood 
(Heamatoxylon campecJiianum L.). As previously stated, it has not yet been 
replaced by an artiflcial product. It grows chiefly in South America where it 
is also known as Campechy Wood or Blauholz and is the source of a yellow 
dye. A yellow dye is obtained also from the Guamachi {Pithecolo'bium dulce 
Benth.) of Guam and Tropical America. The Pterocarpus cabrae De Wild. 
(Molompi, African Rosewood, Red Sandalwood), P. santalinus L. (Santalwood) 
and P. Marsupium Roxb. (Kino-tree, Biji, Bastard Teak) all yield a red dye, 
the last named containing considerable tannin. The Pagoda Tree of China 
and Japan {^opliora japonica L.) and the Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum 
L.) yield yellow dyes. From the Tamarind {Tamarindus indica L.) is secured 
a red dye which is especially important in that it is its own mordant. The 
roots of ElaphantorrMza BurcJielli Benth., the leaves and pods of the Cashaw 
or Mesquite-tree (Prosopis dulcis Gill.) and the bark of the Turwar, {Cassia 
auriculata L. and C. Fistula L.) contain tannin. 
MALPIGHIACEAE. 
The Barbados Cherry, Mancite or Mangrutta {Malpighia punicifolia L.) 
contains a light-colored tannin. 
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. 
The Guayacan {Guajacum sanctum L.) produces the famous resin, Guajacum 
which in turn is the source of Guayac Blue and of Guayac Yellow. The juice 
of the Syrian Rue {Peganum Harmala L.) contains a red dye-principle. 
