IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
123 
EUTACEAE. 
A yellow dye is obtained from the Herb-of-Grace, An-grac, or Herb-of-Repent- 
ance (Ruta graveolens L.). 
BUESEEACEAE. 
The Braziletto-wood or Jamaica Redwood {Commiphora sp.) is a commercial 
redwood. 
MELIACEAE. 
Both tannin and a purple dye-principle are. present in the Toon Tree or 
East Indian Mahogany {Cedrela Toona Roxb.) and in the Australian species 
C. australis v. Muell. Both are utilized in the manufacture of a beautiful 
purple leather. 
POLYGALACEAE. 
The Rhatany {Krameria triandra Ruiz, and Pav.) contains a coloring prin- 
ciple used in wines. The Chacate {K. canescens Gray) contains a red dye- 
principle which the Mexicans employ in coloring leather. The Milkwort 
{Poly gala javana DC.) contains indigo. 
EUPHOEBIACEAE. 
A number of the Euphorbias contain either a dye principle or tannin but 
all are foreign to Iowa. Among these are the Candlenut-tree or Tahiti Walnut 
{Aleurites triloba Porst.) from the fruits of which a dye is obtained; the 
Baloghia lucida End!., the sap of whose wounded trunk furnishes a red dye; 
the Blood-tree {Groton gossypifolius Vahl.) from which is expressed a juice 
which the Aztecs used to dye cotton cloth a dark-red; Euphorbia tinctoria 
Boiss. and Huet. the source of a deep-purple Turnsole dye; the Kamala, 
Kameela, Monkey-face-tree, or Spoonwood {Mallotus philippinensis Muell.) from 
which a red powder is derived which is of commercial value; the Tallow-tree 
{Sapium Sebiferum Roxb.) the leaves of which are used in making a black 
dye; and the Kodari {Gleistanthus collinus Benth. and Hook.) and Phyllanthus 
Emblica L. containing tannin. 
EMPETEACEAE. 
The Heathberry, Curley, Crake-berry, or Black Crowberry {Empetrum nigrum 
L.) produces berries containing a dye-principle. 
COEIACEAE. 
The Tanner’s or French Sumach {Goriaria myrtifolia L.) and the Tutu 
{C. ruseifolia L.) both contain a black dye-principle and the latter also con- 
tains tannin. 
ANACAEDIACEAE. 
Rhus aromatica Ait. (Squaw-berry, Sweet-scented or Trefoil Sumach) con- 
tains tannin. 
R. glabra L. (Smooth Sumach, Vinegar-tree, Mountain Sumach) was much 
relied upon in Iowa in early days as a source of tannin. 
R. typhina, L. (Staghorn Sumach) contains tannin. 
There are several other species of Rhus that are important sources of tannin. 
Among these are the Tanner’s Sumach {R. Goriaria L.), the leaves and bark 
both being utilized, L., R. lucea L., and the Purple Fringe or Feather-Tree, 
also known as Aaron’s Beard {R. cotinus L.) 
