IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
125 
CACTACEAE. 
Various species of Opuntia as 0. vulgaris Mill, and of Nopalea, as N. cocci- 
nellifera Salm-Dyck. furnish food for a cochineal insect which is the source of 
a commercial cochineal dye. 
LYTIIRACEAE. 
The powdered leaves of the Egyptian Privet, Camphire, or Alkanna (Lcnosonia 
alha Lam.) are chewed by women of eastern countries to color their teeth. 
They are sometimes made into a paste and used as a cosmetic under the name 
of Henna. The Al-root, Soorangee, or Nino (Morinda citrifolia L. and M. 
tinctoria Roxb.) with an alumina lake produces a yellow dye; the bark and 
leaves of the Lafoensia Pacari St. Hil. of Brazil, a yellow dye, and the flowers 
of Woodfordia ilorihunda Salisb, a red dye'. 
The root of the Purple Loosestrife {Lythrum Salicaria L.) contains tannin. 
PUNICACEAE. 
The fruit and bark of the Pomegranate {Punica granatum L.) contain a 
yellow dye and tannin. 
RHIZOPHOKACEAE. 
The Many-petaled Mangrove {Benguiera gymnorhiza Lam.) is used in India 
as the source of a black dye and in Japan in coloring a reddish-brown. 
The Red Mangrove (RJiizophora Mangle L.) is the most important com- 
mercially of the dye-plants of this family, the bark containing both a reddish- 
brown dye-principle and tannin. 
COMBRETACEAE. 
The Umbrella-tree or Indian Almond {Terminalia Catappa L. ) is used in the 
Tropics both in making a black dye and for ink; from T. cycloptera R. Br. is 
made a yellow dye; from the nuts and fruit of the Ink-nut or Hara-nut (T. 
Chedula Retz.) is obtained a black dye and the bark also contains tannin; a 
black-olive dye comes from the Bedda-nut (T. Bellerica Roxb.) and tannin is 
also present in this and other species. The White Mangrove {Laguncularia 
racemosa Gaertn.) contains tannin. 
MYRTACEAE. 
The Apple-tree {Angophora intermedia DC.) contains tannin. Practically all 
Eucalypts contain tannin and dyes; thus a red dye is obtained from the Iron- 
bark-tree {Euealyptus leucoxylon F. MuelL); an orange to red kino from E. 
macrorhyncha F. Muell. The bark of the Java Plum {Eugenia Jaml)olana 
Lamarck.) is used in dyeing. E. Smithii Poir and E. Chequen contain tannin. 
The Myrtle-berry (Myrtus communis L.) produces a bluish-red dye. 
MELASTOMATACEAE. 
According to Kraemer, a black dye is obtained from the Tamonea {Melastoma 
malal)athricum L.), from Ti'bouchina Maximiliana Baill.) and from Tococa 
guianensis Aubl. and a yellow dye from Memecylon. Tannin occurs in the 
barks. 
HALORHAGIDACEAE. 
The roots of Gunnera ehilensis Lam. contain both a dye-principle and tannin. 
