128 
IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCE 
EUBIACEAE. 
Galium Mollugo L. (Greater Wild Madder, Whip-tongue, White Hedge) con- 
tains a red dye-principle. 
G. trifidum L. (Smaller Wild Madder (Dyer’s Cleaves) contains the same 
principle. In England there is a folk-use of G. verum L. in making a red dye. 
No family is richer in dye-plants than is the Rubiaceae. Among these are 
manj" of commercial importance and many known onlj^' to folk-use. 
Of the former, there are the Gardenia (G. grandiflora Lour.) the source of 
Chinese yellow; the Indigo-berry or Ink-berry (Randia aculeata L.) yielding 
a blue dye; the Madder plants (Rudia tinctorium L., R. cor difolia L., R. pere- 
grina L., and other species) which are sources of Turkey-red; the Lonez-root 
{Toddalea aculeata Pers.) yielding a yellow dye; and the Gambler {Uncaria 
GamMer Roxb.) which produces the yellow gambler. In China the natives 
chew it with the Betel-nut. It also contains tannin. Other plants known 
especially to folk-use are the Indian Mulberry, Al-tree or Yaw-weed {Morinda 
tinctoria Roxb.) yielding a red dye; the Clay-root, Che-root or Indian Madder- 
plant (Oldenlandia umdellata L.) yeilding a red dye and having also some 
commercial importance; and 0. umhellata L. 
CAPEIFOLIACEAE. 
Samhucus canadensis L. (Elderberry) yields a red dye. Other species 
as St. nigra L., Ehulus L. and /8. racemosa L. contain the same dye-principle 
and are of commercial importance. 
COMPOSITAE. 
Helia^ithus annuus L. (Sunflower, Comb-flower, Larrabell). From its blos- 
soms is obtained a yellow dye. 
An orange-yellow dye which according to Plow’right is fast without a mordant 
is obtained from the Chamomile {Anthemis tinetoria L.). 
Plowright is also authority for the use of the Water-Hemp (Bidens tri- 
partita L.) as a dye-plant. Prom the flowers of the Safflower, Dyer’s Saffron, 
or American Ssiflron (Car thamus tinctorius L.) is obtained a yellow dye which 
with the addition of French chalk is sometimes made into a rouge. The Corn- 
Marigold (Chrysanthemum sagetum L.) produces an orange-yellow dye-principle 
which however requires a mordant to become permanent. Millspaugh states 
that the Fire-weed (Erechtites) contains a dye-principle. The flowers of 
Heterothalamus hrunioides Less, produce the dye known as yellow Romerillo 
dye. From the Chamomile or Matricaria (M. Chamomilla L.) comes a yellow 
dye. Plowright says that in the Highlands, the Weeby, Stinking Willey, 
Cushag or Staggerwort (Benecio Jacol)aea L.) is used in making a dye. The 
Saw-wort (Berratula tinctoria L.) produces a yellow dye. Wormwood (Ar- 
temisia Adsinthium L.), an introduced plant which has become established in 
Iowa, contains a yellow dye-principle which is known to domestic use. 
