56 
DESCRIPTION OF THE COAST. 
These strata, rising towards the drawbridge, have been subjected to 
a very uncommon dislocation, the effect of which is the uplifting of the 
Kelloways rock to the level of the lower part of the calcareous grit. Kel- 
loways fossils are found in this uplifted portion on the north side of the 
drawbridge,* two hundred feet above the sea. This uplifted portion is 
very narrow, and it is not nearly so distinct as, from necessity, the general 
section represents it. Bushel’s fort is upon the lowest soft part of the 
calcareous grit, which can hardly be distinguished from the Oxford clay. 
The stratum so named is found in the upper part of the cliffs beyond ; 
whilst below it occurs the Kelloways rock, rich in ammonites, gryphasas, 
aviculae, &c. The cornbrash is found beneath, full of terebratulae, unioni- 
form shells, trigoniae, ostreae, &c. ; and its blocks, strewed on the sands, 
afford a rich harvest to the geologist. Still lower are the shales and 
sandstones of the carbonaceous grit. Scarborough castle-hill, therefore, 
agrees in general composition with Gristhorpe and Red cliffs, but its 
summit is crowned with the oolite which does not occur on them. 
Further ; since in none of the cliffs from Filey to Scarborough do we 
find any of the superior calcareous grit, which is found above the oolite 
near Kirby-Moorside and Helmsley, it is certain that on the Yorkshire 
coast this oolite series is imperfect, by the deficiency of its upper members. 
That such deficiency is aboriginal, no one will suppose, who considers the 
deep-cut valleys and vast heaps of diluvium in the country about Scar- 
borough ; for these bring irrefragable testimony to the effect of -wide- 
spreading and powerful denudations. In order, therefore, to gain a 
complete knowledge of this oolitic formation, it is necessary to study the 
coast and the interior together ; the cliffs against the sea must be com- 
pared with the quarries and watercourses inland, before such a table of 
stratification can be prepared as I have given in the previous pages of 
this work. Moreover, it must be observed, that nowhere on this coast 
do we find those lowest layers of the Kimmeridge clay, which at Kirby- 
Moorside and west of Helmsley furnish the characteristic ostrea delta. 
* Mr. Smith discovered this singular fault, and communicated it to me : his eagerness on the 
occasion led him to overstrained exertion ; and the consequences was a very alarming privation of 
muscular power in his legs ; from which his friends have since rejoiced in his perfect recovery. 
