KETTLENESS. 
69 
At Kettleness, from the sandstone rock just above the alum works 
to the lias scars beneath, we have the following section : 
f Cap sandstone nearly ... 
Carboniferous Sandstone traversed by ochry veins 
j Shale 
[ Irony stone, in nodular masses and beds . . . 
series. 
Feet. 
50 
i 
Lias series. 
'Upper lias shale or mine .. ... ... 150 
Hard shale, with layers of calcareous nodules ... 30 
- Soft alum shale ... ... ... ... 20 
Alternations of ironstone beds and alum shale, form- 
ing projecting scars ... ... ... 20 
These ranges are seen on the other side of the point, dipping partly 
along the shore, so that in the extremity of Runswick bay the hard 
shale descends to the level of high-water mark, and forms the well- 
known arched rocks. Here the soft shale is almost deficient,, so that 
the ironstone courses appear almost immediately in contact with the 
hard shale. From the arched rocks to the village of Runswick, the low 
and broken cliffs are wholly composed of diluvial clay and pebbles. 
Above the romantically placed village of Runswick, the cliff* is 
about two hundred and fifty feet high, and the sandstone cap is seen 
upon the upper lias shale. The little valley or gully which is here 
scooped in the steep descent, exhibits imperfect but, I think, satisfactory 
traces of a fault or dislocation, the strata being higher on the north side 
by about forty feet. From hence to a higher situation, called, I believe, 
the Old nab, marked by two tumuli, the range of the sandstone is un- 
broken, but it is variously divided by interposed shale. At nearly a 
mile beyond Runswick there is a projecting point, and beyond it a wide 
bay. This point I think is three hundred feet high, and it exhibits, 
below a slight covering of diluvial matter, more than one hundred feet 
of sandstones, shales, and irony dogger above the upper lias shale, which 
is about one hundred and fifty feet thick, besides the hard rocky beds 
which are exposed to the attacks of the sea. r l he bay beyond is over- 
