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KIRKDALE CAVE, 
The organic remains of the second group, — viz. of animals which 
lived on the earth immediately before the flood, are neither so numerous 
nor so various as the preceding. Those found most generally in the 
gravel and clay of Yorkshire, consist of the tusks and molar teeth of 
elephant, and teeth and bones of horse, ox, and deer. But the osseous 
remains of many other animals were found in the celebrated cave of 
Ivirkdale, near Kirby moorside, so well preserved as to allow of their 
species being perfectly determined; and a more recent discovery of 
equal geological interest in the vale of York, has greatly extended our 
knowledge of the animals which preceded man in the occupation of the 
ancient surface of Yorkshire, 
KIRKDALE CAVE. 
The interesting phenomena of Ivirkdale cave have been so ably 
unfolded by Dr. Buckland in his ‘Reliquiae Dfluvianae,’ that I deter- 
mined from the first to refer to that admirable work for descriptions 
and figures, which could not be introduced into mine without greatly 
enhancing the price. I was, therefore, unable to avail myself of the 
generous offer of Mr. Salmond to supply me with original information 
from his own valuable and instructive description of the cave which 
he explored with so much zeal and success. 
The teeth and bones discovered in this cave belong to the following 
species of animals ; 
7 . Carnivora ; hyaena, tiger, bear, wolf, fox, weasel, and, according to Mr. Salmond, 
lion. 
4. Pachydermata ; elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and horse. 
4. Ruminantia ; ox, and three species of deer. 
4. Rodentia ; hare, rabbit, water-rat, and mouse. 
5. Birds ; raven, pigeon, lark, duck, and partridge. 
The floor of the cave was covered with sandy mud ; on this lay an 
irregular deposit of stalagmite, produced by droppings from the roof 
