MINERAL PRODUCTS. 
Ironstone abounds on this coast, and has been formerly shipped in 
large quantities to Newcastle. Inland, ironworks, established by the 
monks, were formerly carried on near Rievaulx abbey, and further up 
in Bilsdale, and in the valley of Hackness. The principal repositories 
of this mineral are above the gray limestone, and below the upper lias 
or alum shale. It is at present of no value except as ballast. No other 
metallic ores are in sufficient plenty to deserve mention.-The calca- 
reous nodules which abound in the lias, have been used with success 
in fabricating “ Roman cement.” 
Building stone has been obtained from every calcareous and 
arenaceous rock in this district. The use of the chalk and marlstone is 
very limited, but the other strata have been extensively employed in old 
churches and mansions, and even transported to considerable distances. 
The most valuable appear to be the calcaieous grit employed in 
the edifices of Castle Howard and Buncombe Park ; the Kelloways 
sandstone, of which the hall and old church at Hackness, and the 
Museums at York and Scarborough are constructed ; and the freestone 
of the lower sandstone series, which has been shipped in great quantity 
from Whitby, being much esteemed for piers, and bridges, and other 
works, requiring large blocks of stone. Guisborough priory and other 
ancient buildings in the northern part of the district, prove the dura- 
bility of this stone : and Whitby abbey, though desolate and neglected, 
and exposed on a bare sea cliff, has not lost its beautiful tracery. The 
calcareous grit and the Kelloways rock at Hackness, seem equally dura- 
ble, and are, in general, of a finer grain and more uniform coloui. 
Flagstone, of excellent quality, is dug on the estate of Hackness, 
and, being conveniently situated near the sea, may probably be sent on 
favourable terms to the London market. It also occurs in Newtondale. 
Lime is obtained from the chalk, coralline oolite, and gray limestone, 
or Cave oolite ; and some unsuccessful trials have been made upon the 
calcareous dogger. The hard chalk of Flamborough is transported for 
this purpose to Whitby and other places on the coast, and a considerable 
