CENTRAL ASIAN EXPLORATION 13 
by the geologist Bogdanovitch, made a journey into 
East Turkestan, crossing the Tian-shan Mountains, pro- 
ceeding up the Yarkand -daria to Yarkand, thence to 
Khotan, and wintered at Niya. From the northern foot 
of the Kwen-lun Mountains they made several expeditions 
on to the Tibetan plateau, and explored, in particular, 
that part of it which lies to the north of the Arka-tagh. 
The return journey was by way of the Lop-nor, Kara- 
shahr, and Dzungaria. Pievtsoff ’s journey is one of the 
most important that has been undertaken in these parts, 
^nd no traveller has made such reliable place-determinations 
as he. 
In the Altyn-tagh and the tracts south of them 
Przhevalsky’s route in his fourth journey was crossed at 
several points by that of the Englishman Carey. Accom- 
panied by Dalgleish, who was afterwards murdered, 
Carey crossed the Altyn-tagh, the Chamen-tagh, and 
the uninhabited plateau between these two ranges of 
mountains, before he was able to reach the Kwen-lun 
proper and the Tibetan highlands. He passed over 
these chains at a point rather more to the west than 
that chosen by Przhevalsky, and afterwards intersected 
Przhevalsky’s route on the plateau between the Chamen- 
tagh and the Kwen-lun Mountains. Carey afterwards pro- 
ceeded to the east along the foot of the Kwen-lun, went 
short distance between this range and the Koko-shili, 
and crossed the pilgrim road from Mongolia to Lhasa 
immediately south of the point where it climbs over a 
pass in the Kwen-lun Mountains. At the river Ma-chu 
he turned northwards, and traversed a portion of A K s 
route. This journey took place in 1885-87. 
Captain Younghusband, whose name is well known from 
his travels in the Pamirs, travelled in 1888 from Peking, 
Barkul, Ak-su, and Kashgar, to India ; and Captain 
Bower, between June 1891 and March 1892, crossed Tibet 
3 -nd China from Leh to Shanghai. 
The expeditions which I have here summarized are 
the most important within the regions which I propose 
to visit. 
