INDEX 
483 
Eildon Hills, i. 375 
Electric Peak, i. 79, 82, 84 
Elvans, i. 249, 261 
Engulphment craters, i. 58 
Ennerdale, granite of, i. 236 
Enniseorthy, volcanic rocks near, i. 245 
Environment, influence of, on early man, i. 1 
Eozoic period, i. 110 
Epidiorite, i. 118, 124, 129, 184, 247, 249 
Erosion, laws of, i. 101 
Eruptions, transient effects of, i. 3 ; old sub- 
marine, how ascertained, 48 ; lacustrine, 
49 ; fluviatile, 49 ; terrestrial, 50 ; evidence 
of intervals between. 283, 287,300,442; ii. 42, 
59, 203, 205, 221, 251, 254, 287 
Erzeroum, old volcanoes near, i. 32 
Eskdale Dyke, ii. 127, 133, 136, 1-37, 140, 143, 
145, 146, 153 
(Lake District), granite of, i. 236 
Etheridge, Mr. R., jun., ii. 24 
Etna, i. 2, 4, 10, 55 ; ii. 261 
Eurite, i. 188 
Europe, basalt plateaux of north-western, i. 51, 
52; ii. 181 ; pre- Cambrian disturbances of 
north-western, i. 117 
Explosion-craters, i. 58 ; ii. 266 
Explosions, volcanic, i. 246 ; ii. 196, 266, 425, 
472 
Extrusive rocks, defined, i. 14 ; textures of, 78, 
Faie Head, sills of, ii. 301 
Farey, J., ii. 9 
Fame Islands, ii. 2 
Faroe Isles, basalt plateaux of, i. 52, 102 ; ii. 
191, 192, 194, 256; vents in, i. 63; ii. 293; 
dykes of, 122, 133 ; tnffs and lignites of, 
258 ; sills of, 322 ; absence of gabbro 
bosses in, 355 ; subsidence of, 447 ; dip of 
basalts in, 44S ; proofs of denudation in, 458 
Faujas St. Fond, ii. 109, 112 
Faults, connexion of volcanic vents with, i. 69 ; 
ii. 65 ; boundary, i. 294, 303, 305, 369 ; ii. 169 ; 
effects of, i. 446 ; ii. 200 ; connection with 
dykes, 168 
of Tertiary basalt-plateau, ii. 462 
Felsite(Felstone), Torridonian, i. 120 ; Uriconiau, 
130, 133; of Malverns, 134; Cambrian, 
151, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167, 168 ; Silurian, 
184, 199, 205, 206, 207, 210, 212, 21S, 231, 
232, 216, 247, 252, 255 ; Old Red Sandstone, 
276, 277, 291 , 293, 321, 327, 335, 346 ; Car- 
boniferous, ii. 36, 49; Permian, 85 ; Tertiary, 
174, 369, 424, 446 
Felsitio breccia, ii. 195 
type of devitrification, i. 19 
Felspar, ejected crystals of, i. 181 ; ii. 58, 79 ; 
large porphyritie crystals of, in dykes, 129, 
135 
Fife, Old Red Sandstone volcanic rocks of, i. 
307 ; Carboniferous volcanic rocks of, 428, 
429, 430, 433, 437, 448 ; Permian volcanic 
rocks of, ii. 56, 69 
Fingal’s Cave, i. 25 ; ii. 210 
Fisher, Rev. O., i. 98 
Fishguard, volcanic rocks at, i. 205 
Fissure type of volcanoes, i. 42, 52 ; ii. 108, 115, 
267 
Fissures, volcanic, i. 42, 52, 53, 54, 425 ; ii. 
141, 145, 159, 176 ; filled with agglomerate, 
i. 70 ; filled with dykes, 81, 118 ; compound, 
82, ii. 159 ; pre-Cambrian, i. 118, 119 Car- 
boniferous, 425; Tertiary, ii. 141, 159, 176, 
425 ; modern of Iceland, 262 ; cause of, 177 
Fleming, John, i. 268 
Flow-structure, i. 21, 157, 160, 161, 162, 184, 
210, 232, 246, 248, 255, 315, 321, 327, 346 ; 
ii. 129, 152, 190, 191, 332, 369, 392, 402, 
424, 437, 441 
Foot, F. J., i. 316 
Forbes, D. , ii. 370 
Edward, ii. 66, 113, 114, 198 
J. IX, ii. 112, 333, 372, 381 
Forellenstein, ii. 332 
Forest of Wyre coal-field, ii. 102 
Forfarshire, volcanic rocks of', i. 285, 299 ; flag- 
stones of, 299 
Forster, M., ii. 113 
Forth-basin, Carboniferous system of, i. 361 ; 
Carboniferous plateaux of, 370 ; Carboniferous 
puys of, 416, 427, 429, 430, 432, 434, 437, 
440, 446, 462 ; Permian volcanoes of, ii. 55, 
67 
Foster, Mr. C. le Neve, ii. 10 
Fouqne, Prof., i. 18, 21 ; ii. 134 
Fox, Mr. Howard, ii. 36 
Fox Strangways, Mr. C., i. 135 
Fragmental volcanic rocks, i. 14 ; only arise 
from explosions which reach the surface, 57 
(sec Agglomerates, Conglomerates, Tuffs) 
France, Tertiary volcanoes of Central, i. 4, 10, 
29, 41, 45, 49. 58, 60, 70 ; ii. 31, 271, 281, 
373 ; Carboniferous volcanic action in, i. 357 
Frankiaud, Prof. E., i. 273, 278 
Fundamental complex of oldest gneiss, i. 114, 
115 
gneiss, i. 115 
Gaisbuo, granulitic, ii. 329 ; banded structure 
of, i. 116 ; ii. 329, 354, 357, 476 ; coarse- 
grained massive, 330 ; pale varieties in veins, 
330 ; gneiss-like aspect of, '342, 254, 358 
ofCarrOck Fell, i. 91 ; Silurian, 195, 206, 
247 ; Devonian, 262 ; Tertiary, 84, 90, 116 ; 
ii. 307, 308, 309, 319, 327, 334, 349, 355, 358, 
391, 406, 407 
Gairlocli, peculiar pre-Cambrian rocks of, i. 115, 
117 
Galapagos Islands, i. 27 
Gallaston type ofdolerite and basalt, i. 418 
Galloway, granites of, i. 93, 95, 272, 277, 290, 
331 
Garabol Hill, differentiation at, i. 90 
Gardiner, Miss, i. 95 
Gardiner, Mr. C. J., i. 256 
Gardner, Mr. Starkie, ii. 196, 198, 212 
Carlton Hills, i. 102, 370, 377, 378, 379, 380, 
386. 390, 405, 412 
Garnet found in volcanic vents, i. 62 
Garth Grit, i. 177, 185, 208 
Gases dissolved in the volcanic magma, i. 13, 
15, 72, 97, 99 
Geikie, Prof. J., i. 277, 306, 308, 331, 336, 339 
340, 369, 375, 426 ; ii. 57, 191, 259, 322 
Genevre, Mont, i. 194 
Geological action, supposed former greater in- 
tensity of, i, 139 
contrasts, i. 103 
history, i. 109, 113 
Survey of Great Britain, i. 113, 115, 
118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 
130, 133, 135, 142, 143, 144, 145, 159, 160, 
166. 170, 171, 175, 176, 179, 181, 182, 183, 
