210 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Voi.. XXVIII, 1921 
Fig. 31b. Frog 10, 9 days after bilateral vagotomy, showing complete absence of 
the normal contour of the flanks. Note the straight body lines as compared to the 
control in figure 31a. 
about on a line of the transverse processes passing obliquely down- 
ward and inward from the base of the skull and extending into 
the thorax. This latter sheet of fascial membrane is now pierced, 
which exposes the levator anguli scapulae muscle, over the anterior 
border of which courses the vagus nerve and the internal jugular 
(Vena jugularis) and musculo-cutaneous (Vena musculo-cutanea) 
veins. The incision is held open by the spring of a small pair of 
ordinary forceps (preferably curved points) and then by means 
of a small pair of mouse-toothed or eye forceps (iris forceps) 
the nerve is carefully separated from the adjoining veins to which 
it is bound by connected tissue. This is best accomplished by 
freeing the nerve either between the two veins mentioned or just 
lateral to the internal jugular vein at the anterior border of the 
levator anguli scapulae where it crosses and sectioning the nerve 
just below the origin of the recurrent laryngeal branch. Section 
of the nerves at this point destroys not only the pulmonary 
branches to the lungs but also the cardiac and gastric branches 
