CEANOTHUS IN IOWA 
233 
inches ; 2 to 4 inches^®.; 2.5 to 7.5 cm.^^; 3.5 to 6.5 cm.^®; 
3 to 10 cm.®®. The width is given as follows: ^ to 1 inch ; 
1 inch^®; 1 to 2 inches^®; 1.25 to 2.5 cni.^^ ; 2.4 to 5.5 cm.®^ 
Several hundred Iowa specimens were examined. They show 
a maximum length of 12.1 cm., and a maximum width of 6.4 cm. 
The leaves on our plants vary much in size, those on the upper 
•parts of the stem and branches being quite small, often falling 
much below the minimum in the published descriptions. 
The petiole. — The length of the petiole is variously given as 
from i/e to an inch, or • 4 to 12 mm. In the Iowa specimens 
the length varies from 2 to 13 mm., the usual length being about 
4 to 6 mm. 
Habitat. — This, species is assigned to a great variety of habi- 
tats in the published descriptions. It is credited to woods ; woods 
and groves ^® ; woods, sunny places ; woodlands and thickets ; 
growing in shade ® ; low pine woods ®® ; sandy woods ® ^ ; 
open woods ; dry woodlands ; dry woods ^ open 
woods ; dry woods and copses ; copses ; dry woodlands and 
gravelly slopes®® ; dry open woodlands and along river banks^® ; dry 
open woods and fields in sterile soiP^ ; dry woods and on hillsides®® ; 
barrens ^® ; meadows and thickets ; upland woods and prair- 
ies ®® ; dry woodlands and prairies ® ; prairies and open woods ®^ ; 
prairies and forest-border ®® ; prairies and edge of woods ^® ®® ®® ; 
half -wooded prairie hills and even on prairie, but more frequently 
at the thicket edge near the bur-oak clumps ; dry grounds ; dry 
hills ®® ; higher slopes and drier places ®^ ; on hills ; loess hills ®^ ; 
dry gravelly hills ®® ; in dry places, along roadsides, on prairies, 
etc.®® ; prairie openings ®^ ; prairies ®® ®^ ®® ®® ; dry prairie ^® ; 
highland prairie ; dry prairies and ridges ®® ®® ; sand and prairie®’' ; 
sand and gravel ®^ ; sandy shores and dunes ®® ®’' ; and simply as 
xerophilous ^®. 
While frequently reported from woods even in Iowa, this 
species was here primarily a prairie plant. The general cultivation 
of the prairie has destroyed much of its former habitat, and it is 
now found only on the scattered remnants of the unbroken prai- 
rie, in open places in upland woods, and in a few places on sand 
and gravel. It does not occur in deep woods, but is sometimes 
found in places which are quite well shaded during at least a part 
of the day. In such places it grows taller, more spindly, with 
weaker stems, looser flower clusters, and larger and thinner 
leaves. The specimens with the finest, most compact and abundant 
