CEANOTHUS IN IOWA 
235 
in Iowa, and that the variety is by far the more common represen- 
tative of the species, especially in the western part of the state. 
The variety does not occur in the eastern part of our country so 
far as references at hand indicate. To avoid confusion with the 
variety, eastern authors are chiefly cited in the following dis- 
cussion of the type form. 
This species also represents a wide range of variation, especially 
in the character of the leaf, as is shown in the following summary 
of references and characters. 
Form. — Eastern and southeastern authors describe the leaves 
as narrowly oblong to elliptic, oval or ovate ; oblong to oval or 
ovate ; oval, elliptical, sometimes oblong ; oval ; narrow- 
oval, or lance-obldng ; narrowly oval or elliptical lanceolate ; 
elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate ^ ; oblong or oval-lanceolate ; oval- 
lanceolate ; oval-lanceolate or narrowly oblong ; narrowly ob- 
long or elliptical lanceolate ; narrowly oval or elliptical lance- 
olate ; oval to linear-oblong ; oval to almost linear, never 
ovate 
Iowa specimens, collected near Winterset and New Albin, have 
leaves varying from oblong to oblong-ovate, lance-ovate, and 
lanceolate, thus practically covering the entire range of variation 
in form as presented in the published descriptions. 
Base. — The base is variously described as acute ; mostly 
acute ; acute or rounded ; and mainly obtuse 
The Iowa specimens noted above vary from acute to broadly 
acute and sub-obtuse. 
Apex. — The apex of the leaf is defined as acute, sometimes 
obtuse ; mostly acute ; mainly obtuse, sometimes acute ; 
obtuse or sub-acute ; obtuse or acutish ; and obtuse or round- 
ed 
The apex of the Iowa specimens varies from acute to sub-acute, 
narrowly obtuse, and obtuse. 
Margin. — The margin of the leaf is described as serrate 
12 13 21 68 . finely glandular serrate ; serrulate ; crenately 
serrate ; and crenulate-serrate. ‘ All agree that the teeth 
are gland-tipped, and several define them as black 
The Iowa specimens are serrate towards the base and crenulate- 
serrate, or crenate-serrate, towards the apex. 
Surface. — As the distinction between the species and variety is 
based wholly on the character of the surface, especially of the 
leaves, the following published descriptions of the surface of the 
leaf are of especial interest. It is described as smooth, never 
