264 
IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Vor. XXIX, 1922 
Fig. 10. Rhamnus calif ornica. Seedlings at two stages, early stage showing outer 
seed-coat raised on tip of cotyledons 
Drawn by C. M. King 
puberulent. First leaves alternate, stipules small. First leaf 
finely serrate, 3d and 4th more coarsely serrate. The broad base 
of these leaves broadly ovate, prominently veined, bright green 
above, shiny; paler beneath. Stem between the 2d, 3d, 4th and 
5th leaves more pubescent than below. 
Rhamnus tinctoria. Waldst and Kit. 
The seeds of this species were received from the Brooklyn 
Botanic Garden and planted in the greenhouse the last week of 
March. The first seedling germinated June 15. 
Germination epigaeous. Cotyledons obcordate, prominently re- 
ticulately veined, pale green below, dark green above. Stem, and 
stalk of cotyledon slightly granular. 
First and second leaves small, alternate; stipules erect, glandu- 
Fig. 11. Seedling of Rhamnus tinctoria, two stages 
Drawn by C. M. King 
