FERNS AND FERN-AEEIES 
325 
8 . 
Aspidium Shield Fern 
(Aspidion, a small shield; from the indusium.) 
Lvs. 3- 10dm. long in circular groups, 1-3-pinnate. Sporangia 
in circular dots, covered by a nearly circular membrane (indusium) 
which is attached by its center. LL stalks with brown scales, 
especially near base. 
1. Lflts. cut into bristle-pointed teeth 
1. Eflts. without sharp teeth 
2. Spore dots close to margin of Iflt. 
2. Spore dots close to midrib of lflt. 
3. A. spinulosum 
2 
1. A. marginale 
2. A. G oldie anum 
1. A. marginal^ Marginal A. 
Lvs. twice pinnate or pinnatifid, stiff and firm, evergreen, 
2-6dm. long, 6-12cm. wide. Spore dots l-2mm. across, with con- 
spicuous indusium, touching edge of lflt. 
Shaded rocky woods, rare. 
Eldora. 
N. S. to Ga., Minn, and Ark. 
July- Sept. 
2. A. Goldieanum Goldie’s A. 
Lvs. twice pinnate or .pinnatifid, firm in texture but not stiff 
or evergreen, 6-10dm. long, 3-5dm. wide, broadly ovate. Spore 
dots l-2mm. across, thin and flat, very near the midrib. 
Rich woods, rare. 
Eldora. 
N. B. to Minn, and N. Car. 
July. 
3. A. spinulosum Spiny A. 
Lvs. 3-pinnate, thin, the lflts. sharply cut-toothed ; 2-6dm. long, 
6-12cm. wide. Spore dots about 1mm. across, the indusium early 
withering away. 
Rich rocky woods, rare. 
Eldora. 
Nfd. to Va. and across the continent; also Greenland and 
Europe. 
July- Aug. 
Note: Lvs. of this fern are gathered in great numbers in autumn and 
kept in cold storage for floral decorations during the winter. All florists 
have them. Our form is var. intermedium. 
9. Cystopieris Bladder Fern 
(Cystis, bladder; pteris, fern; from the saclike indusium) 
Lvs. few on stalks 1-2 mm. across, 2-3 pinnate, with fine lflts. 
