LINOTA MONTIUM. 
Twite or Mouatain-Linnet. 
Frirngilla montium, Gmel. edit. Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 917. 
montana, Penn. Brit. Zool., vol. i. p. 467. 
Linaria montana, Briss. Orn., tom iii. p. 145. 
montium, Leach. 
Jlavirostris, Macgill. Hist, of Brit. Birds, vol. i. p. 379. 
Linota montium, Bonap. Geogr. and Comp. List of Birds of Eur. and N. Am., p. 34. 
Cannabina Jlavirostris, Degl. 
Acanthis montium, Blyth, Cat. of Birds in Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta, p. 125. 
Cannabina montium, Brehm, Isis, 1828, p. 1277. 
montium, Jlavirostris, et media, Brehm. 
Fringilla Jlavirostris ?, Linn. Faun. Suec., p. 87. 
“The nest of the Twite is placed amid the tops of the tallest heaths, and is composed of dry graisses 
and heather, and lined with wool, the fibres of roots, and the finer parts of heath ; and the four or five eggs 
it contains are of a pale bluish green, spotted with pale orange-brown. The bird Itself leaves the mountains 
in autumn, and assembles in flocks, which associate and travel with the Common Linnet, and are taken in 
their company by the London bird-catchers, who can always tell when there are any Twites in the flock 
by their peculiar note, expressive of that word.” These are the words of Mr. Selby, one of our best 
observers, with respect to this interesting little bird, which is very generally dispersed over the lowlands 
of the British Islands in winter and the mountain-tops in summer; there, amidst the pure air and 
flowering ling, it pours forth its mirthful little song, and brings forth its young. In the Peak district of 
Derbyshire, in the Cheviots of Northumberland, in the Grampians of Scotland the Twite may always be 
found ; and northward of these localities, even to the Orkneys and the Outer Hebrides, it is the most 
abundant of the summer visitants, and may be seen breeding at the proper season. In the northern parts 
of Europe, from Scandinavia to Prussia, it is as plentiful as with us ; but it becomes sensibly more scarce 
as we proceed southwards. 
The Twite has but few fine colours to recommend it to our notice : unlike the Linnet and its allies, in 
which red is the prevailing tint, a little deep blood- or purplish red on the rump of the male, and the 
male only, is the only variation from the uniformity of its brown colouring ; I must mention, however, that 
in tbe breeding-season the bill, which is usually of a mealy white, becomes of a wax-yellow. As a bird for 
the cage, it is less in request than the Linnet. 
Macgilllvray states that “ it is plentiful in the Hebrides, and in winter frequeiits the corn-yards in large 
flocks, clinging to the stacks of oats and picking out the seeds. Its flight is rapid and undulating, and it 
wheels over the fields previous to alighting, uttering a soft twitter at intervals. When disturbed, it betakes 
itself to tall trees or to a distant field ; but is not shy, and may be easily approaehed when feeding. In 
spring, it forsakes its winter haunts, and disperses over the hilly tracts, where it forms its nest on the ground, 
among short heath or on the grassy slopes of craggy spots. The nest is a neat structure of fine dry grasses, 
fragments of heath, and a little moss, lined with roots, wool, and hair. In habits it almost precisely 
resembles the Common Linnet, with which in winter it sometimes associates. Towards the commencement 
of that season, the individuals unite into flocks, sometimes of vast extent, and search for food chiefly in the 
stubble-fields, where, besides the seeds of duckweed, field-mustard, polygona, and other plants, they pick up 
those of the cultivated grasses. Although both this and the Common Linnet might seem too small to feed 
upon these latter seeds, yet in winter I have generally found the greater part of the contents of their 
stomach to consist of them.” 
Sir William Jardine informed Mr. Yarrell that the Twite is abundant in the North Highlands, where it 
takes the place, in summer, of the Common Linnet in the Lowlands. A pair shot within a few hundred 
yards of Jardine Hall in Dumfriesshire, whither they had been driven by a winter storm, werefeedino- on the 
heads of the black knapweed (jCentaurea nigra). 
The presence of the Twite in the Orkneys has been noticed by the Rev. Mr. Low, by Mr. J. D. Salmon, 
and by the late Mr. Dunn. Mr. Low states that it remains there all the year, building in the heath, but 
seldom or never in bushes ; Mr. Salmon, that the Mountain was the only species of Linnet seen by his party : 
two nests came under their observation ; one was placed upon the ground, among the young corn, the other 
amidst some whins {Uleoo)-. they were both alike, their outside composed of small roots and dried grass, 
and their insides lined with a small quantity of hair and a few feathers ; and each contained six eggs, similar 
