4 DESCRIPTION of the rocks 
pass S. by W. between two edges of limestone, and then turn E. S. E. in 
a narrow band between the same edges prolonged for a distance of about 
een mi es. On the line of the northern part of the Penine fault 
a similar but less extensive ridge of slate rocks appears, and forms the 
remarkable conical hills called Murton pike. Knock pike, and Dufton 
pike which stand like buttresses below the great escarpment of Scor- 
dale head, and Cross fell. I he great line of fault is here N. N. W and 
its dip nearly E. ; the slate masses appear in a situation where the 
northwJdlheTh^ the . hmeSt ° ne b6ds is the & eatest ’ 81111 frora w^nce 
nortnwaid they begm to acquire a partial dip toward the Tyne and 
soon expenence along Lunedale a great depression to the sootin' By 
and the “tb ” 5 ', he , S a “' r0Cks are SOOn co " ecal, -' d both to the north 
and the south ; and their whole range is less than ten miles. 
The appearance of the slate rocks along the Penine chain is thus 
certainly traceable to the operation of subterranean movements sub 
sequent to the deposition of the carboniferous system, and the occurrence 
gieenstone dykes in connection with each tract, (near Dufton and 
at Ingleton), and of a remarkable red granitoidal porphyry at Drfl 
eaves no doubt that these movements were accompanied by the election 
of igneous rocks. J 1 
As thegrauwacke and carboniferous systems are wholly unconformed 
to each other, the slaty rocks along the Penine chain belong to different 
parts of the grauwacke system, and exhibit much diversitv The 
northern pikes are mostly formed of a soft dark rock, which has nearlv 
equal analogy with the upper slates of Skiddaw, and some of the soft 
lower parts of the Hougill series ; in Murton pike quartz veins are 
extremely abundant. No organic remains have been found in these 
rocks. The elevation of the pikes is about one thousand feet. 
T pJ!m gl ' a ™ ke rocks of the cou ntry from Hougill fells to Ki rb v 
Lonsdale exhibit considerable variety both as to structure and texture. 
eems probable that these differences correspond in part to dif 
ference of geological ao-p Tha n, ' P art to dlt ' 
h feicai age. lhe lower grauwacke series of Hougill 
