DEPOSITED IN WATER. 
13 
OLD RED FORMATION. 
Throughout a great part of the North of England, the lower scar 
limestone rests on the slate rocks, without any interposition of the 
old red formation (Kendal, Ingleborougli) ; in other districts, (Brough, 
Lowther, Ravenstonedale,) red, purple, and white micaceous grits and 
shales alternate abundantly with the lower limestone beds ; and in 
some localities coloured clays, and conglomerate sandstones, occupy 
irregular spaces between the limestone and the slate. 
It is chiefly on the evidence of intermediate geographical position, 
that these conglomerate and clay beds are admitted as belonging to the 
old red formation ; for I am not certain that in any one locality they 
are re ally seen to lie beneath the mountain limestone. They are con- 
hued to valleys in the slate formation, where these approach the lime- 
stone ; they never follow that rock to its escarpments on high ground ; 
and no where rise to a great height above the sea, except in Mell fell, 
and other lower hills at the foot of Ulswater. The following localities 
may be indicated. North of Ulverston, red and bluish beds of grit- 
stone and clays, dipping southward toward the limestone from the 
slate rocks of Coniston water. In the banks of the Rune, north of 
Kirby Lonsdale, conglomerate and clay beds appear, also dipping south- 
ward from the silurian beds and toward the limestone which declines 
ln ^ le same direction (toward the south). The same beds appear a 
little northward in Barbon Beck, near the vertical limestone, but not 
so as to shew their relations to it. They are seen in Casterton woods 
in such a way as to make it the most probable supposition that they 
dip under the limestone there. Similar beds are seen in the Rotlier, 
near Sedbergh, and in the Mint, near Kendal. In the lower part of 
swater they abound, and form the rounded masses of Mell fell, and 
unmallet. At Dacre castle they decline from the slate country 
towaid the limestone, so as to make it probable that they pass under 
1 .' e °wther river, and some of its branch streams near Bampton, 
isc ose similar beds between the limestone and the slate. Beds of 
cong orn eiate, much related to these, occur in the Hilton valley, near 
PP e by, between the limestone and the slate. 
