14 
DESCRIPTION OF THE ROCKS 
It is almost exclusively a valley deposit, though deeply cut through 
by the lower part of the valleys in which it occurs. It seems to have 
been formed during some period of disturbance affecting the region 
of the Cumbrian mountains, just as similar rocks along the Grampians 
and Lammermuirs are referred to similar, perhaps contemporaneous dis- 
turbances. 
The characters of the conglomerate are plain and striking. Large 
and small pebbles of a brown colour, sometimes blue internally, in 
immense abundance are accumulated together, and partially cemented 
into vast irregular beds by red clay, red sand, or calcareous spar. The 
pebbles vary in size, number, and degree of cohesion to the matrix in 
different beds. With these alternate other beds of red and white clay 
and red sandstone, almost or wholly devoid of pebbles. They are but 
feebly cemented in the clay and sand, and may be detached by a blow 
of the hammer, leaving a concave, smooth impression. In some cases 
I have imagined that one pebble indented another. But when cal- 
careous spar is the cement, as is common about Kirby Lonsdale, the 
compound is more firm and makes a pretty appearance. The pebbles 
which occur in this rock at Kirby Lonsdale, are 
Rarely .— Red limestone with lithodendra, a few crinoidal joints, and other organic 
bodies. 
Blue limestone, with crinoidal joints, and a fragment of syringopora. 
Hornstone compact, purplish. 
Calcareous spar. 
Conglomerate of fine grain, micaceous, with -white effervescing particles. 
Quartz pebbles, holding micaceous iron ore. 
Abundantly. Grauwacke, same as in the neighbouring fells of Casterton 
Hougill, &c. 
By this list will appear the limited extent of the current which 
brought together these pebbles,— -no trace of granite, syenite, porphyry, 
greenstone, amygdaloidal slate, or any of the Cumbrian rocks which 
are remote from the valley ; — the same data may perhaps confirm our 
belief that the rock is of higher antiquity than the limestone series. 
