DEPOSITED IN WATER. 
15 
for if it had been of the age of the new red formation, how could it 
happen that none of the limestones, gritstones, and shales of the then 
uplifted Penine chain, of the sources of Lune, or the neighbouring 
country should have found their Avay to this deposit? The few lime- 
stone pebbles really found in it may have been derived from the 
Coniston limestone in the Shap country, but this is uncertain. 
Veins of calcareous spar traverse these beds, and sometimes divide 
the pebbles, as at Oban in Argyleshire, and in the Nagelfhie of the 
Rigi. This proof of the posteriority of such veins to the rocks which 
enclose them, joined to the evidence afforded by the quartz pebble 
with micaceous iron ore, is of great value in limiting the question con- 
cerning the age of mineral veins. 
Though, as before observed, the limestone is not any where in 
its higher ranges based on conglomerates, numerous and large fragments 
of grauwacke are often seen embedded in its lower strata, as in Kino- 
dale, Ingleton dale, &c., and quartz pebbles, as at Underbarrow scar. 
Winder, &c. In a little stream descending from Moughton scar, nearly 
west of Horton, to the Ribble, the slate is covered by a series of beds 
which I did not find elsewhere. Immediately on the slate rests a 
layer of fragmented quartz and slate in a calcareous paste. Above are 
four feet of shale, containing an indurated bed ; next, a bed, eighteen 
inches thick, of fragmented quartz and slate with pyrites ; then two 
feet of lumpy shale ; three feet of lumpy limestone ; five feet of broad, 
laminated shale, which throws out the water. Limestone scars come on 
above. Conglomerate beds underlay the limestone of the Penine chain 
in Hartside, and Hilton Beck. 
alternating red sandstone and limestone. 
This intermediate or transition group, until lately little noticed by 
geologists, is of great importance in all questions concerning the com- 
parative age of unconnected deposits of the older mountain limestone 
series. My attention was first drawn to it in the neighbourhood of 
