DEPOSITED IN WATER. 
23 
and partially metalliferous veins. In the great quarry near Skipton, 
which is opened on the north side of the axis, with a dip N. bv W. 
of 40 ° to 70 °, a sparry vein, with many ramifying strings, ranoes 
N. and S., and dips 45 ° ? to the E. That at Bolton (See Diagram , 
^Vo. 7.) shews a very remarkable dislocation, ranging N. and S., ac- 
companied by spar and lead ore. All the quarries display a very 
great mass of shales and limestones both compact and crinoidal, black 
and grey, — spar strings abound in the beds, generally running transverse 
to the surface of stratification, whether this be arched or inclined N. or 
S- In a small quarry E. of and very near the town of Skipton, a 
minor anticlinal ridge, running E. by N., or parallel to the main ele- 
vation, is cut across so as to allow of a careful study of this curious 
phenomenon. There is here seen one rectangular upward fold, (‘ saddle’) 
between two relative depressions, (‘troughs’), the flexure of both the 
upward and downward folds being by much most acute in the lower 
parts of the quarry, (See Diagram No. 8 .), and becoming rounded 
and evanescent above, as if the bending force had been laterally applied, 
and the resistance to it comparatively slight in the upper parts. The 
anticlinal angle is 90°, the steepest and shortest slope of the beds is 
to the south, ( 50 n ), on which side also is the most violent return to 
a nearly horizontal condition. The lower beds of the section are 
limestone, thick, partly of a black colour, and partly crinoidal ; the 
upper beds are shale, with some argillaceous limestone. Innumerable 
spar strings divide the beds, with an evident general tendency to 
be at right angles to their surfaces. ‘ Slickenside’ faces appear on 
the beds of stone and in the spar veins, and the prevalent direction 
of these on the horizontal beds is N. and S., as if the beds had been 
made to slide laterally. 
. rhe t g re at anticlinal elevation of Skipton appears to be a continua- 
tion of that at Thornton, whose range passes between Pendle hill 
and Chtheroe, and parallel to the lower Kibble. In the other direction 
it passes eastward along a characteristic and dislocated country, by 
dubberhouses to Harrowgate, being in fact one of the most remarkable 
subterranean ridges on record. The Lothersdale ridge is prolonged 
