DEPOSITED IN WATER. 
33 
to present a great undulated floor of bare limestone rocks, around the 
cone and slopes of Ingleborough, bordering the valleys in which are 
the villages of Wharfe and Clapham, filling the upper part and bor- 
dering the lower part of Ingletondale, with magnificent and con- 
tinuous scars. An equally striking succession of precipices appears in 
Ingleton fells, and Ivingsdale, and sweeps round the mountain of Gray- 
garth. A southern range of patches of limestone is traced by Gig- 
gleswick scar, Feizer hill, Austwick, Clapham, Newby, and Ingleton, 
mostly dipping steeply to the south. 
Throughout this large area, the limestone rock is nearly undivided 
by shales or sandstones, and presents one -vast calcareous mass, four 
or five hundred feet thick; sometimes, as in Moughton scar, and 
on Ingleton fells, piled into magnificent level ranges of precipices, 
resting on inclined grauwacke. The stone is mostly of a light gray 
or blue colour; much of it is crinoidal, some is compact. A tendency 
to vertical fissures is frequent, especially in the thicker masses, so as 
to give it the aspect of prismatic structure, and confuse the stratifi- 
cation. The lower beds (generally so full of small or large grau- 
wacke fragments, as to be a real limestone conglomerate), are in this 
respect an exception, for they have little of that vertical Assuring ; 
but on the contrary, are remarkable for the exceeding magnitude of 
their masses, and the numerous horizontal weatherslits which indi- 
cate the unequal composition of the rock. Ti his latter circumstance 
is well seen in Ingleborough, and still better in Ivingsdale, at a water- 
fall, which shews the lowest limestone beds resting on grauwacke. 
The Western Border of Yorkshire . — From Graygarth fell the great 
limestone escarpment turns round to the north, resting on slate rocks, 
and shews fine caverns and fissures in its narrow range along the 
upper part of Leek beck. Confined to an equally narrow couise, it 
shews itself in a dislocated condition along the line of the Penine fault, 
in the upper part of Barbon beck ; between the slate rocks of Barbon and 
Middleton fell, and the shales, gritstones, and thin limestones of the 
County stone and Crag. Thus it reaches Dentdale, which it crosses, 
