52 description of the rocks 
In proceeding down Swaledale toward Reeth the lower limestones 
of the Cliff gill section gradually sink below the level of the valley, 
but so slowly that it is not till we reach Downholme that the scars 
of the upper limestones come to overhang the river. In crossing 
over from Askrigg to Muker, the section is very similar to that from 
Hawes to Muker, excepting that the limestones are nearer together : 
the road from Wensley by Leyburn to Reeth, or from Redmire by 
Bolton to Reeth, gives on the south side a deeper view of the Yoredale 
series than on the Swaledale side, but the upper terms are in accord, 
ance. Below Downholme nearly to Richmond, the upper scar lime- 
stones appear above an undulated surface or steep cliff, of ‘twenty- 
seven fathom grit and shale the same is the case on the north side, 
where long digitations of the mountains come boldly to the Swale 
and on the road down Fremington edge we cross the middle limestone 
of Cliff gill (here rich in fossils) two hundred feet above the valley. 
On all the valleys on the north side of Swaledale as far as Stonedale, 
the upper scar limestones are seen over the grit and shale series, and at 
FeethamRow and other places the limestones of Cliff gill appear below. 
Arkendale — The same series occurs in Arkendale from Fremington 
to the termination of the dale in open moorlands beyond Baxton 
knab ; the double scar of upper limestones keeping every where a 
distinct course along all the edges and across all the gills, (often broken 
by dislocations), and having below it the grits and plates of the flag- 
stone series, and above it the same cherty covering as at Leyburn. 
with the same little limestone, and above that, one or even two other 
limestones and thin coal seams. This is perfectly seen at Punchard 
gill, and is known by the section of Old Moulds mine, which will 
be found in a future page. From the western parts of Swaledale 
the ascent by Stonesdale to Water crag, and the descent to Arkendale 
by Punchard gill, afford satisfactory sections of the upper parts of the 
Yoredale series. 
One hundred and fifty feet above Muker, forty feet above the 
lower limestone in Cliff gill, and twelve hundred feet under the summit 
