DEPOSITED IN WATER. 
61 
which are visible on the other side of the Wharfe in the same relative 
position as in Fountains fell. Along this line the connection of the 
Ingleborough and Nidderdale grit appears perfectly clear, the same 
limestone below, at the same moderate distance, and similar coal work- 
ings in connection with the grit. The shales and gi'ita below the main 
limestone vanish toward the east. 
Proceeding from Fountains fell to the south-east, we arrive at 
the great Craven fault, which embarrasses the inquiry, Y et as in this 
fell the whole series below the main limestone is greatly diminished 
from its thickness in Wensleydale, more slialy, less gritty, with thinner 
and more debased limestones, as also in particular the main limestone 
seems to lose itself toward the south, — we see how it happens that 
the series below the Ingleborough gritstone, becomes confounded with 
that above it ; and whex - e it is indistinct, as in the Flasby and Rylstone 
fells, the whole constitutes the one great shale series of Craven. Ryl- 
stone and Brown hill have this grit at or near their summits ; it is in 
greater force about Settle and Giggleswick, underlays the Ingleton and 
Bentham coal fields, and forms the lower part of the millstone grit 
rocks of Bolland, Lancaster, Dpckray moor, &c., and the crown of 
Pendle hill apd Longridge. 
It follows from this view, that in Wharfedale and Nidderdale there 
is hardly more than a trace of the shales below the main limestone 
(Craven lower shale ;} that in both these valleys the great shales and sand- 
stone series belong to a group above the main limestone ; while in all 
the west of Craven shales occur, which belong both to the series above 
the main lime and to that below. The north-western parts of the Craven 
shale belong principally to the lower series, in the south-east parts 
upper shales and upper grits come on, In the lower shale series only, 
as at Flasby, in Wyersdale, and elsewhere in Bolland, occur the fossils 
of the true mountain limestone type, (ammonites, sphaericus, &c.) which 
$t Fountains fell, and near Hawes, lie amongst the Yoredale limestones. 
A diagram of the variation from Fountains fell to Great Whernside, 
