SUBTERRANEAN MOVEMENTS, &c. 
101 
of this great dislocation was accomplished by sudden and violent dis- 
placement. The fault ranges hence N. 69° west — passes through the 
Gosforth and Kenton collieries, where the extent of its throw (always 
down to the north) is proved to be above one hundred and fifty-six 
fathoms ; even without including a considerable curvature of the beds 
on the north side. The dip toward the fault, of the depressed beds 
on the north side, continues to be observed along this dyke — as it pro- 
ceeds westward. The remarkable detached coal tract of Hartley burn 
on the north side of the dyke, containing the lower beds of the New- 
castle series, dips also, in conformity with this rule, to the south. The 
general bearing of the fault from Hartley burn to Cullercoats is JS. 
by N. 
Along the S. E. course of the Penine fault from . Brampton to 
Brough we have principally to remark the elevation of the conical 
slate hills called Dufton pike, Knock pike, Iveisley pike, and Murton 
pike, which rise higher than the lower edge of the Penine limestone. 
A red conglomerate occurs here in Hilton beck, a granite vein in Dufton 
pike, and a greenstone dyke is described by Dr. Buckland along the 
line of the disruption. 
The general character of the declinations along this remarkable 
fault is very simple, a long and moderate slope from it toward the 
east, and a violent and short dip from it to the west. The steeply 
inclined beds on the west form a narrow, but not visibly continuous 
band, called in several parts ‘ the edge beds and these are often 
described as thrown into a ‘ vertical’ position. In fact they are nearly 
or quite vertical where seen in the great escarpment under Cross fell. 
Dun fell, and Scordale head ; they are also nearly or quite vertical 
in crossing Dentdale, along Barbon beck, and at Barbon chapel ; but 
a more general condition of these beds is that of a dip from the axis 
of disruption, varying between 30° and 80°, and so related to upheaved 
slate rocks, uneonformable red sandstone, and accumulated detritus, that 
only a small portion of the overthrown rocks can be clearly seen, and 
that only at distant points, 
