SUBTERRANEAN MOVEMENTS, &c. 
105 
The general condition of the beds on the line of the northern of 
the two parallel Craven faults is closely analogous to that which has been 
described on the line of the Penine fault. The limestone beds are 
usually removed from the axis of disturbance ; enough however can 
be seen to assure us that while the elevated beds rise slightly to the 
fault, the depressed beds fall steeply to the south : they are no where 
vertical, and the angle of their inclination to the horizon continually 
diminishes as we proceed to the east, so that in Ribblesdale it is 
less steep than in Clapham dale and Ingleton dale, and on Malham 
moors the depressed beds are nearly level. 
In fact from the point where the southern fault becomes distinct in 
Giggleswick scar, it appears to assume the character of the northern line, 
so far as to cause a very violent southward dip of the depressed beds ; 
and in Feizer, Kirby fell, and Malham moors, the elevated beds rise 
to this fault. 
At Giggleswick the level lower limestone is opposed on the line 
of the southern fault to the inclined millstone grit of Ingleborough, 
indicating a slip of one thousand feet ; the same is the case at Ryeloaf 
and Brown hill. 
At Malham calamine has been long worked in a vein parallel to the 
line of the great southern fault ; Malham Cove scar is also parallel to 
it, and in this part of the country it is seen to hade or underlay to 
the south, conformably to the general law. The valley from Malham 
downwards is full of dislocations and varying dips, (especially at Kirby, 
Malham, where the beds range E. by N. and dip 40 ° N.) the general 
result being a dip of the depressed beds from the great fault southwards 
for one mile, then a rise in the same direction, so as to expose a con- 
siderable tract of upper Craven limestone on both sides of the Aire 
about Calton, Otterburn, Coniston, and Eshton, thus connecting them 
with the range of limestone by Flasby, Rylstone, and Burnsall. 
Malham Tarn is situated on the hue of the northern slip, here three 
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