114 
EFFECTS OF 
We may next consider the relation of these systems of disloca- 
tions and their dependent faults and veins to each other. 
The Ribblesdale system, in all the northern parts, appears to pursue 
its rectangled direction toward the Craven fault till it comes so near 
as to sink entirely under its influence, and lose all characteristic feature, 
in a general dip towai’d that fault. This fully appears from the facts 
known with regard to the Ingleton coalfield. 
If we conceive all the country south of that fault to have undergone 
a vast relative depression, and that at right angles to the line of the 
fault many parallel undulations of the strata sprung out, which arrived 
at a maximum of curvature a short distance from the fault, we shall 
have a right notion of the case. 
In the eastern part of the country, where the influence of the Craven 
fault is less, these undulations assume near that fault more and more 
of its direction, till, the fault turning more northward and these undula- 
tions bending southward, they finally coincide in the limestone ridge of 
Greenhow hill, to which the Skipton anticlinal is parallel, and from 
which that of Lothersdale deviates less than those of Ribblesdale and 
Holland, 
It deserves remark, that all the anticlinal axes are subject to cross 
rolls or undulations, of considerable amount; so as to break up each 
long axis into several short oval quaquaversal elevations, the very 
case so much contested by some geologists, and on which Von Buch’s 
hypothesis of the origin of volcanic vents is founded. The Greenhow 
ridge E. by N. is crossed by two and terminated by two other such 
transverse undulations ranging nearly north-east and south-west, and 
north and south : the Skipton ridge is in the same way broken into 
two great portions besides smaller dismemberments : we see the same 
thing in the Lothersdale axis, and in the Bolland elevations, and it is 
the general cause of the innumerable insulated hills of the lower 
parts of Craven. — Is it not probable that these cross undulations are 
posterior to the main line which they interrupt f 
