SUBTERRANEAN MOVEMENTS, &c. 
121 
the mineral veins depend on the great axes of disturbance, we shall 
be forced to conclude that the Craven and Penine faults are older 
than the Tynedale branch ; if there be no such dependence, they may 
all be posterior to many of the faults of the coal system. 
The dislocation of the magnesian conglomerate along the line of 
the Penine fault does certainly occur, but only in a small space near 
Brough, where the line of the fault varies from S. S. E. to S. W. 
In the country near Brough the dislocation of magnesian limestone 
beds ranges north 10° west, (nearly parallel to the Cross fell fault,) 
and these beds dip 70° and 80° west ; but that district is so confused 
by many minor axes of convulsion that the effects of different periods 
may be undistinguishable. A suspicion might arise that this dis- 
location, though on the line of the fault, is not of the same age 
as the other parts, because of its bearing north 10° west, and because 
of its apparent independence of the carboniferous limestone ; yet as 
here the 4 edge beds’ begin and continue hence to join the Craven fault, 
that must not be hastily adopted. 
To doubt the contemporaneity of the whole extent of the Tynedale 
fault, would be to resign all arguments on the subject of geological 
dates of convulsion, for the direction and amount of throw and hade 
and the condition of the neighbouring strata give this dyke, notwith- 
standing its zigzag course, a most determinate character. 
If now we change our view and consider the question in a more 
general aspect, connecting the Penine, Ribblesdale, and Derbyshire 
systems of dislocation, and attributing to each the leading features of 
the corresponding coal tracts, we shall be led positively to date these 
disturbances after all the coal measures and before all the saliferous 
rocks; for it is undoubted that the Lancashire red sandstones and 
magnesian limestone are not conformable to the coal, any more than 
the magnesian limestone and red sandstones of Nottingham, Derby- 
shire, Yorkshire, and Durham. We must however except the southern 
R 
