SUBTERRANEAN MOVEMENTS, &c. 
131 
Coal of the Durham field. 
Rain ton — the Hutton seam clean with sparry joints 
... 1-204 
Monkwearmouth — the upper seam (Bensham seam) from a depth of 
264 fathoms 
The heavy coals are in general more earthy than the others ; some- 
times more pyritous. This might be a test of some practical value. 
The Lancashire cannel is the lightest coal that I have tried, the coal 
of Casterton and Hutton Roof the heaviest. 
NEW RED SANDSTONE SYSTEM. 
In the vale of Eden and in Lonsdale this system consists of three 
divisions. The lower part is a calcareous breccia or conglomerate, com- 
monly called brockram ; the fragments are limestone and chert, often 
containing organic remains, of all sizes from seven or eight inches 
diameter to small pieces, and of every degree of attrition, but mostly 
in the state of small angular chips ; the base is red sandstone ; the 
beds very irregular. It is confined to the vicinity of Brough, Kirby 
Stephen, and Ingleton, and corresponds in age to the magnesian con- 
glomerate of the central districts of England. The other parts are red 
sandstone and red marl, differing in no respect from those of other 
districts. No fossils have yet been detected in these beds : but the 
discovery of axinus, avicula, &c., in the red marl near Manchester, 
encourages an expectation that such may be found by diligent examina- 
tion further to the north. 
