136 
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 
race, and from Teesdale to the parallel line of Wharfedale and 
Craven, is a large rhomboidal area sloping with considerable regularity 
toward the east, nearly as the strata decline, though, in consequence 
of watery action, what was once a great uniform plateau is now dissected 
into a multitude of dales, ramifying among insulated mountains. The 
highest points in this area are those which are extended farthest to 
the west on the Yorkshire side of Teesdale ; the millstone writ of 
O 
Water crag. Wild Boar fell, and Shunnor fell, is higher than any 
points to the eastward ; Wharnside is loftier than Ingleborough, Ingle- 
borough than Penyghent, and Penyghent than Fountains fell. 
DECLINATIONS OF STRATA. 
The general slope of the whole Penine region north of the Craven 
fault from the axis of the Penine chain, indicated by the leading 
features of the country, is fully confirmed by the accurate mea- 
surement of the dip of the planes of stratification. Taking the 
well defined upper surface of the main limestone, which is the bound- 
ing plane of the Yoredale series, for our standard, we find that in 
Wharfedale, under Great Whernside, this is one thousand six hun- 
dred to one thousand seven hundred feet above the sea; in Low 
Birks one thousand seven hundred feet ; in Fountains fell one thou- 
sand nine hundred feet ; in Penyghent one thousand nine hundred 
feet; in Wharnside, south end, about one thousand nine hundred 
feet ; in Ingleborough two thousand one hundred feet. This is the 
loftiest point of the mainlimestone south of Mickle fell. Parting again 
from Great Whernside, and proceeding north-west between Wharfe- 
dale and Yoredale, along the most connected mass of very high ground 
in Y orksliire, we find the main limestone ascend to one thousand ei«-ht 
hundred and fifty feet under Buckden pike ; to one thousand nine 
hundred feet at Bisliopdale head ; and reach its maximum of ele- 
vation of one thousand nine hundred and twenty feet in Cam fell. 
In Yoredale the main limestone is found at East Witton four hun- 
dred feet above the sea. Hence passing westward and south of the 
