140 
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 
Proceeding from the Tynedale fault southwards, the strata, rising 
south continually, reach their maximum of elevation in the region 
of Cross fell, Scordale head, and Mickle fell. In Cross fell (two thou- 
sand nine hundred and one feet high) the main limestone is about 
two thousand four hundred feet above the sea; in Dun fell, Seor- 
dale head, and Mickle fell it is from two thousand four hundred to 
two thousand five hundred and fifty feet, the greatest elevation 
which it reaches in the British Islands. Two things here deserve 
attention : it is west of and under this lofty region, that the grauwacke 
pikes of Knock, Dufton, and Murton, have been uplifted ; and it 
is in the same country that the great Whin sill terminates towards 
the south. The inference in favour of extraordinary local energy 
of heat is obvious. 
From the height of two thousand five hundred feet in Mickle 
fell, the main limestone drops rapidly, partly by south-east dip and 
partly by the great Lunedale fault, to one thousand two hundred and 
one thousand feet, and maintains this depressed level from Lunedale 
across Stainmoor forest, beyond which it rises again to one thousand 
seven hundred feet in Nine Standards and Fell end. 
Hence along the margins of Mallerstang dale the main limestone 
declines for some distance to the south, being at the summit of 
drainage between the rivers Eden and Yore about one thousand four 
hundred feet high. This is also its height in Bar fell, but from 
this point it rises rapidly to one thousand nine hundred feet in 
Wharnside and Ingleborough, and then suddenly drops at least three 
thousand feet under the Ingleton coalfield. As the Cross fell eleva- 
tion besides its general relation to the Penine fault was opposite to 
and based on a peculiar ridge of grauwacke, so the Wharfedale ridge 
besides its relation to the Craven fault corresponds to the detached 
slate group of Hougill fells : and the Arkendale ridge is coincident 
with the north front of Langdale fell. Between the Mickle fell 
and Arkendale ridge is the great Stainmoor and Lunedale trough 
ranging E. by N. between the Arkendale and Wharfedale ridges 
