OF THE DISTRICT. 
141 
is the less obvious trough of Swaledale; from the Wharfedale ridge 
to the Craven fault is nearly a regular plane, declining to the east 
as all the hollows and ridges do. 
These conclusions drawn from the levelling of the surface of the 
main lime, may be tested by a similar research as to the surface of 
the lower limestones. This limestone about one thousand one hun- 
dred feet high in Kingsdale sinks northward two hundred to Dent dale, 
and, this dip continuing, it is not seen in the greater part of Garsdale, 
nor in Mallerstang. On the south front of lngleborough it is about 
one thousand three hundred feet, and about Ribble head one thousand 
feet high. Between Penyghent and Fountains fell the lower limestone 
is about thirteen hundred feet high ; hence the northward dip causes 
it to sink to eight hundred and fifty feet on the south side of Hawes 
and to eight hundred on the north side. It is scarcely seen in Swale- 
dale, which is not quite so deep as Wensleydale. 
Under Great Whernside its elevation is about fourteen hundred feet, 
and due north of this in Wensleydale it is only about seven hundred 
feet. In the northern districts also we have proofs derived from the 
lower limestones, as well as from the upper, that the Mickle fell legion 
is on a subterranean ridge, and Stainmoor and Swaledale in a subter- 
ranean hollow. Under Scordale head and Dun fell the Tyne bottom 
limestone is about one thousand eight hundred feet above the sea, 
but above Brough not half this height: and in the interior of the 
county it is nowhere seen between Lunedale and Swaledale. 
In the region south of the Craven fault, the surfaces of stratification 
undulate in strict dependence upon the numerous anticlinal and syn- 
clinal axes of subterranean movement. The elevations caused by these 
ridges is always far less than those depending on the great Penine 
disruptions : the declinations of strata are however not less abrupt. 
ELEVATION OF ground. 
It will be convenient to class the observations according to four 
principal regions ; 
