OF THE DISTRICT. 
145 
well, Ryeloaf, and Lancaster, rests the millstone grit series of rocks ; 
and south and east of that line the same series rests on the great 
united mass of lower limestone. Every where this upper series of 
rocks lies in insulated or highly ramified masses, according to the 
drainage and other circumstances. On some hills only the lower mem- 
bers appear, on others nearly the whole series, and these differences 
are reducible to a general rule which may be thus expressed. In 
the much elevated districts the lower portions only of the millstone 
grit series remain on the limestones, but in the lower regions the whole 
or nearly the whole series exists. This applies as well to the local 
inequalities of level occasioned by faults like Burtreeford dyke, as to 
the greater undulations previously described. 
In the region of Mickle fell and Cross fell, where the main limestone 
is 2530 feet high, the highest summit, Cross fell, is only 370 feet above 
that level; in the depression of Swaledale and Arkendale, whex-e the 
main limestone is about 1300 feet above the sea, 850 feet of upper beds 
appear in Water crag ; in Ingleborough where the main limestone is 
2130 feet high, only 260 feet of gritstones lie upon it, but in Wharn- 
side the limestone 1800 to 1900 feet high has 500 feet of covering. 
From these and many other data it seems probable that the super- 
ficial waste of the whole region has been in a remarkable degree pro- 
portioned to its elevation. The following measurements of hills partly 
derived from the Ordnance Survey, and Mr. Nixon’s Trigonometrical 
and Barometrical Observations combined with my own researches, are 
classed according to the disti’icts intervening between the dales ; the 
rock of the summit is often named : and its elevation above the main 
or lower limestone generally specified. 
Between Teesdale and Lunedale, on the elevated side of the Lune- 
dale fault, the strata of the mountain limestone attain their greatest 
elevation in the British Isles. This district has an irregular surface, 
much affected by dislocations ; its culminating points are Mickle fell, 
and the hills on the western or Penine border. The vale of Eden on 
u 
